HS3318: The Later Roman Empire, AD284-602

School Ancient History
Department Code SHARE
Module Code HS3318
External Subject Code V110
Number of Credits 30
Level L6
Language of Delivery English
Module Leader null null null
Semester Double Semester
Academic Year 2013/4

Outline Description of Module

The history of the later Roman empire is marked by rapid and dramatic change: the revolution in the position of Christianity in the empire, from persecuted cult to state religion; the German 'invasions' of the fourth and fifth centuries, and the establishment of Germanic kingdoms within the territory of the Roman empire; the decline of Rome, but the emergence of vibrant new power centres, such as Constantinople; the splitting of the empire into two halves (East and West), and the collapse of the latter. The period has traditionally been characterised as 'the decline and fall of the Roman empire', but this module reflects and considers the more recent view that the period was one of transformation, witnessing the metamorphosis of the world of antiquity into the medieval world. As well as considering the political, social and cultural transformations of the period the module also devotes attention to the famous architects of these transformations, such as Constantine the Great, Attila the Hun, and Justinian I. The module draws on, and discusses the nature of, the rich source material for the period: classicising histories, church histories, chronicles, court panegyrics and polemics, letter collections, legislation, inscriptions, art, and archaeology. METHODS OF TEACHING: Approximately 30 one-hour lectures; 6 seminars METHODS OF ASSESSMENT: One essay (35%); two class tests, (15%); one 2-hour examination (50%). REQUISITES: Module HS3102 Introduction to Roman History.

On completion of the module a student should be able to

On successful completion of the module, the student will demonstrate:

·      A knowledge of the main events and developments of the period from the accession of Diocletian in AD 284 to the overthrow of Maurice in AD 602

·      An ability to analyse the historical sources for the period, such as the letters, poems and speeches of Sidonius Apollinaris, Cassiodorus’ Variae, the works of Procopius, and other literary, visual, archaeological and documentary material.

·      An ability to assess modern interpretations of the period.

and will be able to show evidence of these abilities in coursework and examinations.

How the module will be delivered

This module will be taught by a series of lectures and supporting seminars

Skills that will be practised and developed

On successful completion of the module, the student will demonstrate:

·      A knowledge of the main events and developments of the period from the accession of Diocletian in AD 284 to the overthrow of Maurice in AD 602

·      An ability to analyse the historical sources for the period, such as the letters, poems and speeches of Sidonius Apollinaris, Cassiodorus’ Variae, the works of Procopius, and other literary, visual, archaeological and documentary material.

·      An ability to assess modern interpretations of the period.

and will be able to show evidence of these abilities in coursework and examinations.

How the module will be assessed

Written Examination: Percentage Contribution to the Module Assessment:

50

%

                        Semester in which Written Examination is to be Scheduled :

Spring

 

                        Duration of Examination:

2

hrs

In-course Assessment: Percentage Contribution to the Module Assessment:

50

%

May include:

                        Class Test:

15%

                        Coursework:
                       
(e.g. one or more essay))

35%

 

Assessment Breakdown

Type % Title Duration(hrs)
Written Assessment 35 The Later Roman Empire Ad284 - 602 N/A
Class Test 15 The Later Roman Empire Ad284 - 602 N/A
Exam - Spring Semester 50 The Later Roman Empire Ad284 - 602 2

Syllabus content

The terminal dates are the accession of Diocletian and the overthrow of the emperor Maurice (AD 284-602). The module considers the nature of the sources for the period; the ‘revival’ of the empire under Diocletian following the ‘third-century crisis’; the role of Constantine in the collapse of the tetrarchy, and his policy towards Christianity; the foundation and development of Constantinople; the growth of Christianity and the Church, and the pagan reaction; the nature of later Roman society; the cities of the later Roman empire; the development of monasticism; the dynasty of Valentinian; the battle of Adrianople (378) and its consequences; the Theodosian dynasty; the division of the empire into East and West (395), and the subsequent relationship between the two empires; the German ‘invasions’ and the Roman response; Alaric and the sack of Rome (410); the nature of the later Roman army; the cities of Rome and Ravenna; the formation of the Germanic kingdoms (Visigothic, Vandalic, Burgundian, Frankish) within the Roman empire, and their nature; Attila and the Huns; the ‘fall’ of the western Roman empire (476); Theoderic and the Gothic kingdom of Italy; the rise and accession of Justinian; the reforms and legislation of Justinian; the Nika riot (532); the building of Hagia Sophia; the Persian empire under the Sasanids and its relationship with the Roman empire; Justinian’s reconquest of the west; the role of the empress Theodora in the reign of Justinian; the theological debates of the period; assessments of Justinian and his legacy; the successors of Justinian; the historical importance of the period.

Essential Reading and Resource List

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Sources

Set text:

Ammianus Marcellinus, The Later Roman Empire, Penguin; Loeb if you want to read the whole thing, or more of it (and it’s definitely worth the effort), PA6156.A5.A6

Agathias, The Histories, tr. J.D. Frendo (1975), DF572.A4

Ambrose, Select Works and Letters, tr. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, vol. 10, BR60.N4

Ambrose, Political Letters and Speeches, tr. J.H.W.G Liebeschuetz (2005), BR1720.A5.A6

Aurelius Victor, De Caesaribus, tr. H.W. Bird (up to AD 360), PA6966.A4.B4

Ausonius, tr. H.G. Evelyn White, 2 vols., PA6156.A5.A8

Cassiodorus, Variae, tr. S. Barnish (1992), PA6271.C4.V2

Consularia Constantinopolitana, ed. R.W. Burgess (1993), pp. 215-245, D56.5.I3

Corippus, Iohannis or De Bellicis Libycis, tr. G.W. Shea (1998), PA6375.C76.S4; In laudem Iustini Augusti minoris, tr. Averil Cameron (1976), PA6375.C76.C2

De rebus bellicis, tr. E.A. Thompson, DG13.D3

Egeria, Travels, tr. J. Wilkinson, 3rd edition (1999), BR167.I8

Eunapius, Lives of the Sophists, PA3612.P4; see also Zosimus

Eusebius, Life of Constantine, tr. A. Cameron and S.G. Hall (1999), DG315.E8; Ecclesiastical History (tr. 1926) PA3612.E8, (tr. 1989) BR160.E5

Eutropius, Breviarium, tr. H.W. Bird (up to AD 364), PA6384.B4

Evagrius, Ecclesiastical History, tr. Michael Whitby (2000), BR160.E9.E9

Gregory of Tours, History of the Franks, tr. O.M. Dalton (1927), DC64.G7

Himerius, Orations, tr. R.J. Penella, Man and the Word: The Orations of Himerius (2007), PA4013.H5.G07

Hydatius, Chronicle, tr. R.W. Burgess (1993), pp. 70-123, D56.5.I3

The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite, tr. F.R. Trombley and J.W. Watt (2000), PJ567.J6.T7

Julian, Works, tr. W.C. Wright, Loeb, 3 vols, PA3612.J8

Justinian, Code; Novels, tr. S.P. Scott, Law Library 343.471C; Institutes, tr. P. Birks and G. McLeod (1987), Law 343.472J

Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum, ed. tr. J.L. Creed, BT1116.L3.D3

Libanius, Selected Works, Loeb, 2 vols, PA3612.L4; Autobiography, Loeb, 2 vols, PA3612.L4

Life of Olympias, tr. E.A. Clark, Jerome, Chrysostom and Friends (1979), pp. 127-157 BR195.W6.C5

Macrobius, Saturnalia, partial French tr. (Books 1-3) C. Guittard (1997), PA6498.F7.G8

Malalas, Chronicle, tr. E. Jeffreys, M. Jeffreys and R. Scott et al. (1986), D56.52.M35.C4

Marcellinus, Chronicle, tr. B. Croke (1995), D56.52.M37.C4

Maurice, Strategikon, tr. G.T. Dennis (1984), PA5319.M2.D3

Menander the Guardsman, History, tr. R. C. Blockley (1985), DF571.H4

Merobaudes, Panegyrics (fragments), tr. F.M. Clover (1971), folio PA6514.M18.A1.F71

Neoplatonic Saints, tr. M. Edwards (2000), B517.N3

Orosius, Histories against the Pagans, French tr. M.-P. Arnaud-Lindet, 3 vols (1990-1991), PA6169.A1.B8.O7; partial English tr. In A.C. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader (2000), DC60.F7, pp. 22-40

Palladius, Lausiac History, tr. R.T. Meyer (1965), BR65.P2

Panegyrici Latini, tr. C.E.V. Nixon and B.A. Rodgers, In Praise of Later Roman Emperors. The Panegyrici Latini (1994), PA6166.P2

Paul the Deacon, History of the Lombards, tr. W. D. Foulke (2003), DG511.P2

Philostorgius, Ecclesiastical History as Epitomised by Photius, tr. E. Walford: ST has a photocopy

Procopius, The Wars, The Anecdota, The Buildings, tr. H. B. Dewing, The Loeb Classical Library, PA3612.P7. A translation of The Secret History is available in Penguin.

Prudentius, PA6156.A5.P7

Pseudo-Dionysius of Tel-Mahre, Chronicle Part III, tr. W. Witakowski, PJ5693.E6.D4

Pseudo-Joshua the Stylite, Chronicle, tr. F.R. Trombley and J.W. Watt, PJ5671.J6.T7

Romanos the Melode, Hymns, ed. and French tr. J. Grosdidier de Matons, several vols, PA4407.R6.A34.G7

Rufinus, Ecclesiastical History, tr. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, vol. 3, BR60.N4; partial tr. Amidon (1997), BR190.R8.E6

Rutilius Claudianus Namatianus, De Reditu Suo, partial tr. In A.C. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader (2000), DC60.F7, pp. 55-58

Salvian, On the Governance of God, partial tr. In A.C. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader (2000), DC60.F7, pp. 109-137

Sidonius Apollinaris, Loeb, 2 vols, PA6156.A5.S4

Socrates, Ecclesiastical History, tr. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, vol. 2, BR60.N4

Sozomen, Ecclesiastical History, tr. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, vol. 2, BR60.N4

Sulpicius Severus, Life of Saint Martin of Tours, tr. F.R. Hoare in T.F.X. Noble and T. Head (eds.) Soldiers of Christ (1995), pp. 1-29, BX4654.S6 (also Vie de Saint Martin, tr. J. Fontaine, 3 vols, BX4700.M39.S3)

Symmachus, Relationes, tr. R.H. Barrow (1973), PA6704.S7; Letters, French tr. J.-P. Callu, 3 vols, PA6169.A1.B8.S9

Themistius, Select Orations, tr. P. Heather and D. Moncur, Politics, Philosophy, and Empire in the Fourth Century (2001), PA4441.T5.A24.G01

Themistius, Private Orations, tr. R.J. Penella (2000), PA4441.T5.T5

Theodoret, Ecclesiastical History, tr. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2nd series, vol. 3, BR60.N4

Theodosian Code, tr. C. Pharr, Law Library 343.46T

Theophylact Simocatta, History, tr. M. Whitby and M. Whitby, PA3404.T4

Vegetius, Epitoma rei militaris, tr. N.P. Milner (1993), PA6797.V4.M4

Victor of Vita, History of the Vandal Persecution, tr. J. Moorhead (1992), SW Library

Vie de Sainte Mélanie, tr. D. Gorce (1962), BR1720.M37.G6

Zonaras, History, partial tr. T.M. Banchich and E.N. Lane (2009): on order

Zosimus, Historia Nova, tr. Ridley, DG207.Z6; French ed. tr. Paschoud, PA3641.B8.Z6

Source Books

E. Barker, Social and Political Thought in Byzantium (1957), pp. 54-80, JC91.S6

R.C. Blockley, The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. 2, DF310.F7

B. D. Ehrman and A. S. Jacobs, Christianity in Late Antiquity 300-450 C.E. (2004), BR63.C4

P. Heather and J. Matthews, The Goths in the Fourth Century (1991), D137.H3

A.D. Lee, Pagans and Christians in Late Antiquity (2000), BR128.R7.L3

N. Lewis and M. Reinhold, Roman Civilization vol. 2 [goes up to 337], DG77.R6

S. Lieu (ed.), The Emperor Julian. Panegyric and Polemic (2nd ed., 1989), DG317.E6

S. Lieu and D. Montserrat, From Constantine to Julian. Pagan and Byzantine Views. A Source History (1996), DF552.F7

Michael Maas, Readingsin Late Antiquity. A Sourcebook (2000), DG78.M2

A.C. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader (2000), DC60.F7

J. Stevenson, A New Eusebius. Documents Illustrating the History of the Church to AD 337 (rev. ed. 1987), BR160.A2.S8

J. Stevenson, Creeds, Councils and Controversies. Documents Illustrating the History of the Church, AD 337-461 (rev. ed. 1989), BR160.A2.C8

R. Valantasis (ed.), Religions of Late Antiquity in Practice (2000), BL690.R3

Art and Architecture

G.W. Bowersock, Mosaics as History: The Near East from Late Antiquity to Islam (2006), NA3780.B6

R. Cormack, Byzantine Art (2000), N6250.C6

J. Elsner, Imperial Rome and Christian Triumph (1998), N5760.E5

J. Elsner, Art and the Roman Viewer (1995), N5760.E5

N. B. Kampen, E. Marlow, R.M. Molholt, What is a Man? Changing Images of Masculinity in Late Antique Art  (2002), N8222.M38.K2

B. Killerich, The Obelisk Base in Constantinople: Court Art and Imperial Ideology (1998), NB1380.K4

R. Krautheimer, Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture (1965), NA360.K7

J. Lowden, Early Christian & Byzantine Art (1997), N6250.L6

S. MacCormack, Art and Ceremony in Late Antiquity (1981), DG124.M2

C. Mango, The Art of the Byzantine Empire 312-1453. Sources and Documents (1986), N6250.A7

C. Mango, Byzantine Architecture (1986), NA370.M2

T.F. Mathews, The Early Churches of Constantinople: Architecture and Liturgy (1971), Architecture: Main 726.50949 M

T.F. Mathews, The Clash of Gods. A Reinterpretation of Early Christian Art (1993), N7832.M2

R. Milburn, Early Christian Art and Architecture (1988), N7832.M4

P. Peirce, ‘The Arch of Constantine: Propaganda and Ideology in Late-Roman Art’, Art History 12 (1989), pp. 387-418

N.H. Ramage and A. Ramage, Roman Art: Romulus to Constantine (1995), N5760.R2

R. Reece, The Later Roman Empire: An Archaeology AD 150-600 (2007), DG272.R3

L. Rodley, Byzantine Art and Architecture: An Introduction (1994), folio N6250.R6

General Overviews

A. Boak and W. Sinnigen, A History of Rome to AD 565 (1965), DG209.B6

G.W. Bowersock, P. Brown, O. Grabar (edd.), Late Antiquity. A Guide to the Postclassical World (1999), DE92.L2

P. Brown, The World of Late Antiquity, AD 150-750 (1971), DE92.B7

P. Brown, The Making of Late Antiquity (1978), DG312.B7

P. Brown, The Rise of Western Christendom: Triumph and Diversity, A.D. 200-1000 (1996), BR145.2.B7

J.B. Bury, A History of the Later Roman Empire (2nd ed., 1923), DG504.B8

Cambridge Ancient History vol. 12, second edition, The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193-337 (2005), D57.C2

Cambridge Ancient History vol. 13, The Late Empire, A.D. 337-425 (1998), D57.C2

Cambridge Ancient History vol. 14, Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600 (2000), D57.C2

A. Cameron, The Later Roman Empire (1993), DG311.C2

A. Cameron, The Mediterranean World in Late Antiquity (1993) (second edition [which goes up to AD700] 2012), DE71.C2

A. Cameron, ‘The “Long” Late Antiquity: A Late Twentieth-Century Model’, in T.P. Wiseman (ed.), Classics in Progress: Essays on Ancient Greece and Rome (2002), 165-191, DE71.C5

P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), D117.N3

P. Garnsey and C. Humfress, The Evolution of the Late Antique World (2001), DG272.G2

R. Gerberding, ‘The Later Roman Empire’, in P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), 13-34, D117.N3

P. Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire (2005), DG311.H3

A.H.M. Jones, The Later Roman Empire (1964), DG311.J6

A.H.M. Jones, The Decline of the Ancient World (1966), DG311.J6

A.H.M. Jones and J.R. Martindale, Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire (1971-92), Ref. DG203.5.P7

J.K. Knight, End of Antiquity: Archaeology, Society and Religion AD 235-700 (1999), D121.K6

J.H.G.W. Liebeschuetz, From Diocletian to the Arab Conquest: Change in the Late Roman Empire (1990), DG311.L4 [collection of articles]

R.W. Mathisen, ‘Political history (306-602)’, in J. Harris (ed.), Palgraves Advances in Byzantine History (2005), 7-23, DF505.P2

S. McGill, C. Sogno and E. Watts (edd.), From the Tetrarchs to the Theodosians. Later Roman History and Culture, 284-450 CE (2010), DG311.F7

S. Mitchell, A History of the Later Roman Empire AD 284-641 (2007), DG311.M5

J. Moorhead, The Roman Empire Divided 400-700 (2001), DG311.M6

D.S. Potter, The Roman Empire at Bay AD 180-395 (2004), DG311.P6

R. Reece, Later Roman Empire: an Archaeology, AD 150-600 (1999), DG272.R3

P. Rousseau (ed.), A Companion to Late Antiquity (2009), DE86

S. Swain and M. Edwards (edd.), Approaching Late Antiquity: The Transformation from Early to Late Empire (2004), DG311.A7

B. Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (2005), DG311.W2

L. Webster and M. Brown (edd.), The Transformation of the Roman World AD 400-900 (1997), DG312.T7

C. Wickham, The Inheritance of Rome: A History of Europe from 400 to 1000 (2009), CB351.W4

Ammianus Marcellinus and Late Roman Literary Culture

T.D. Barnes, The Sources of the Historia Augusta (1978), DG274.B2

T.D. Barnes, Ammianus Marcellinus and the Representation of Historical Reality (1998), DG316.B2

J.W. Binns (ed.), Latin Literature of the Fourth Century (1974), PA6043.B4

R.C. Blockley, Ammianus Marcellinus: A Study of his Historiography and Political Thought (1975), DG206.A4.B5

S.P. Brock, From Ephrem to Romanos: Interactions between Syriac and Greek in Late Antiquity (1999), PJ5601.B7

R.W. Burgess, The Chronicle of Hydatius and the Consularia Constantinopolitana. Two Contemporary Accounts of the Final Years of the Roman Empire (1993), D56.5.I3

Alan Cameron, Claudian: Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of Honorius (1970), PA6374.C2

P. Cox, Biography in Late Antiquity: a Quest for the Holyman (1983), PA3043.C6

R. Cribiore, The School of Libanius in Late Antique Antioch (2007), B577.L44.C7

B. Croke, Christian Chronicles and Byzantine History, 5th-6th Centuries (1992), DF505.C7

J. den Boeft, D. den Hengst and H. C. Teitler (edd.), Cognitio Gestorum: The Historiographic Art of Ammianus Marcellinus (1992), PA6205.C6

J.W. Drijvers and D. Hunt (edd.), The Late Roman World and its Historian: Interpreting Ammianus Marcellinus (1999), DG206.A4.L2

R. Frakes, ‘Cross-References to the Lost Books of Ammianus Marcellinus’, Phoenix49 (1995), 232-246

G. Greatrex, ‘Lawyers and Historians in Late Antiquity’, in R.W. Mathisen (ed.), Law, Society, and Authority in Late Antiquity (2001), DE71.L2, 148-161

R.P.H. Green, The Works of Ausonius (1991), PA6221.A2.F91

P. Heather and D. Moncur, Politics, Philosophy, and Empire in the Fourth Century: Select Orations of Themistius (2001), PA4441.T5.A24.G01

G. Kelly, Ammianus Marcellinus: The Allusive Historian (2008), PA6205.K3

G. Kelly, ‘Ammianus Marcellinus: Tacitus’ Heir and Gibbon’s Guide’, in A. Feldherr (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Roman Historians (2009), 348-361, DG205.C2

G.A. Kennedy, Greek Rhetoric under Christian Emperors (1983), PA5015.K3

T.J. Luce (ed.), Ancient Writers, vol. 2 (1982), ‘Ammianus Marcellinus’, pp. 1117-1128, Folio PA3002.A6

S. MacCormack, ‘Latin Prose Panegyrics’, in T.A. Dorey (ed.), Empire and Aftermath. Silver Latin II (1975), 143-205, PA6042.S4

G. Marasco (ed.), Greek and Roman Historiography in Late Antiquity (2003), DG205.G7

J. Matthews, The Roman Empire of Ammianus (1989), DG311.M2

S. Muhlberger, The Fifth-Century Chroniclers. Prosper, Hydatius, and the Gallic Chronicler of 452 (1990), D56.5.M8

C.E.V. Nixon, ‘Latin Panegyric in the Tetrarchic and Constantinian Period’, in B. Croke and A.M. Emmett (edd.),  History and Historians in Late Antiquity (1983), 88-99: ST has a photocopy

R.J. Penella, Man and the Word: The Orations of Himerius (2007), PA4013.H5.G07

R. Rees, Layers of Loyalty in Latin Panegyric AD 289-307 (2002), PA6083.R3

D. Rohrbacher, The Historians of Late Antiquity (2002), DG206.A2.R6

P. Speck, ‘How Stupid Must Zosimos Be? Proposals for a New Assessment’, Understanding Byzantium (2003), XIX, DF503.S7

R. Syme, Ammianus and the Historia Augusta (1968), PA6139.H7.S9

E.A. Thompson, Historical Work of Ammianus Marcellinus (1947), PA6205.T4

G.W. Trompf, Early Christian Historiography (2000), BR138.T7

T. Urbainczyk, Socrates of Constantinople: Historian of Church and State (1997), BR1720.S7.U7

T. Urbainczyk, Theodoret of Cyrrhus (2002), BR1720.T36.U7

J. Vanderspoel, Themistius and the Imperial Court (1995), B708.T4.V2

Mary Whitby (ed.), The Propaganda of Power. The Role of Panegyric in Late Antiquity (1998), PA3014.P65.P7

Diocletian and the Tetrarchy

T.D. Barnes, The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine (1982), DG313.B2

S. Corcoran, The Empire of the Tetrarchs (1996), DG314.C6

M. Cullhed, Conservator Urbis Suae: Studies in the Politics and Propaganda of the Emperor Maxentius (1994), DG314.C8

M.H. Crawford, ‘Finance, Coinage and Money from the Severans to Constantine’, in ANRW II.2, 1975, 560ff

B. Leadbetter, Galerius and the Will of Diocletian (2009), DG314.L3

R. MacMullen, Roman Government’s Response to Crisis a.d. 235-337 (1976),DG305.M2

C.E.V. Nixon, ‘Constantinus Oriens Imperator: Propaganda and Panegyric. On Reading Panegyric 7 (307)’, Historia 42 (1993), 229-246

R. Rees, Layers of Loyalty in Latin Panegyric AD 289-307 (2002), PA6083.R3

R. Rees, Diocletian and the Tetrarchy (2004), DG313.R3

W. Seston, Dioclétien et la Tétrarchie, vol. 1 (1946), SW library

R.R.R. Smith, ‘The Public Image of Licinius I: Portrait Sculpture and Imperial Ideology in the Early Fourth Century’, JRS 87 (1997), 170-202

P. Southern, The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2001), DG298.S6

J.J. Wilkes, Diocletian’s Palace, Split (1993), DR396.S65.W4

S. Williams, Diocletian and the Roman Recovery (1985), DG313.W4

Constantine the Great and the Flavian Dynasty

A. Alföldi, The Conversion of Constantine and Pagan Rome (1948), DG315.A5

T.D. Barnes, Constantineand Eusebius (1981), DG315.B2

T.D. Barnes, Athanasius and Constantius: Theology and Politics in the Constantinian Empire (1993), BR1720.A7.B2

T.D. Barnes, From Eusebius to Augustine. Selected Papers 1982-1993 (1994), BR205.B2

T.D. Barnes, Constantine: Dynasty, Religion, and Power in the Later Roman Empire (2011), DG315.B2

N.H. Baynes, Constantine the Great and the Christian Church (1972), BR180.B2

J. Bidez, La Vie de l’empereur Julien (1965), DG317.B4

D. Bowder, The Age of Constantine and Julian (1978), DG311.B6

G. Bowersock, Julian the Apostate (1978), DG317.B6

R. Browning, The Emperor Julian (1975), DG317.B7

J. Burckhardt, Age of Constantine the Great (1949), DG311.B8

R.W. Burgess, ‘The Summer of Blood: The “Great Massacre” of 337 and the Promotion of the Sons of Constantine’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 62 (2008), pp. 5-51

H.A. Drake, Constantine and the Bishops: the Politics of Intolerance (2000), DG315.D7

J.W. Drijvers, Helena Augusta: the Mother of Constantine the Great and the Legend of the Finding of the True Cross (1992), BR1720.H3.D7

M. Edwards, Constantineand Christendom (2003), DG315.C6

R.M. Errington, Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius (2006), DG319.E7

M. Grant, The Emperor Constantine (1993), DG315.G7

D. Harbus, Helena of Britain in Medieval Legend (2002), BR1720.H3.H2

J. Harries, ‘Constantine the Lawgiver’, in S. McGill, C. Sogno and E. Watts (edd.), From the Tetrarchs to the Theodosians. Later Roman History and Culture, 284-450 CE (2010), pp. 73-92, DG311.F7

A.H.M. Jones, Constantineand the Conversion of Europe (1972), DG315.J6

A.H.M. Jones, ‘Capitatio and Iugatio’ in Brunt (ed.), The Roman Economy (1974)

N. Lenski (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine the Great (2006), DG315.C2

S.N.C. Lieu and D. Montserrat (edd.), Constantine. History, Historiography and Legend (1998), DG315.C6      

R. MacMullen, Constantine (1970), DF315.M2

A. Murdoch, The Last Pagan: Julian the Apostate and the Death of the Ancient World (2003), DG317.M8

C.M. Odahl, Constantineand the Christian Empire (2004), DG315.03

P. Peirce, ‘The Arch of Constantine: Propaganda and Ideology in Late-Roman Art’, Art History 12 (1989), pp. 387-418

Hans A. Pohlsander, ‘Crispus: Brilliant Career and Tragic End’, Historia 33 (1984), 79-106

Hans A. Pohlsander, The Emperor Constantine (1996), DG315.P6

R. Ross Holloway, Constantine& Rome (2004), NA5620.H6

B. Saylor Rodgers, ‘Constantine’s Pagan Vision’, Byzantion 50 (1980), 259-278, DF521.B9

J.H. Smith, Constantine the Great (1971), DG315.S5

P. Southern, The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine (2001), DG298.S6

S. Tougher, Julian the Apostate (2007), DG317.T6

R. Van Dam, The Roman Revolution of Constantine (2007), DG315.V2

Later Roman Society

M.T.W. Arnheim, The Senatorial Aristocracy in the Later Roman Empire (1972), DG312.A7

R.S. Bagnall (ed.), Egyptin the Byzantine World, 300-700 (2007), DT60.E4

J. Banaji, Agrarian Change in Late Antiquity (2001), DG105.B2

G. Clark, Christianity and Roman Society (2004), BR170.C5

R. Cribiore, The School of Libanius in Late Antique Antioch (2007), B577.L44.C7

G.E.M. de ste Croix, The Class Struggle in the Ancient Greek World (1981), DF30.D3

R. Francovich and R. Hodges, Villa to Village: The Transformation of the Roman Countryside in Italy, c. 400-1000 (2003), esp. chap. 2, DG431.F7

P. Heather, ‘New Men for New Constantines? Creating an Imperial Elite in the Eastern Mediterranean’, in P. Magdalino (ed.), New Constantines (1994), 11-33, DF552.S7

K. Hopkins, ‘Elite mobility in the Late Roman Empire: the case of Ausonius’, Classical Quarterly 11 (1961), 239-249.

A.H.M. Jones, ‘The Roman Colonate’ in Brunt (ed.), The Roman Economy, DG107.J6

A.H.M. Jones, ‘The Caste System in the late Roman Empire’ in Brunt

N. B. Kampen, E. Marlow, R.M. Molholt, What is a Man? Changing Images of Masculinity in Late Antique Art  (2002), N8222.M38.K2

J. Matthews, Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court, AD 364-425 (1975), DG325.M2

S. MacCormack, Art and Ceremony in Late Antiquity (1981), DG124.M2

R. MacMullen, ‘Social Mobility and the Theodosian Code’, JRS 1964

R.W. Mathisen (ed.), Law, Society, and Authority in Late Antiquity (2001), DE71.L2

R.W. Mathisen and H.S. Sivan (edd.), Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity (1996), DG311.S4

S. Mitchell and G. Greatrex (edd.), Ethnicity and Culture in Late Antiquity (2000), DG311.E8

G.S. Nathan, The Family in Late Antiquity: The Rise of Christianity and the Endurance of Tradition (2000), DG91.N2

E. Patlagean, Pauvreté économique et pauvreté sociale à Byzance 4e-7e siècles (1977), HC37.P2

M.R. Salzman, The Making of a Christian Aristocracy (2002), BR195.C6.S2

P. Sarris, Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian (2006), DF572.S2

R. Smith, ‘The Imperial Court of the Late Roman Empire’, in A.J.S. Spawforth (ed.), The Court and Court Society in Ancient Monarchies (2007), pp. 157-232, esp. 202-8, GT3510.C6 

C. Sogno, Q. Aurelius Symmachus: A Political Biography (2006), PA6704.S9.S6

 

 

Eunuchs in the Later Roman Empire

P. Boulhol and I. Cochelin, ‘La rehabilitation de l’eunuque dans l’hagiographie antique (IVe-VIe siècles)’, Studi di Antichità Christiana XLVIII (1992), 49-76: ST has a copy

Alan Cameron, ‘Eunuchs in the “Historia Augusta”’, Latomus 24 (1965), 155-158

Alan Cameron, Claudian (1970), esp. chap. VI Eutropius, 124-155,             PA6374.C2

Alan Cameron, J. Long with a contribution by Lee Sherry, Barbarians and Politics at        the Court of Arcadius (1993), PA4441.S7.A5.C2

D.F. Caner, ‘The Practice and Prohibition of Self-Castration in Early Christianity’, Vigiliae Christianae 51 (1997), 396-415

E.A. Costa, ‘The Office of the Castrensis Sacri Palatii” in the Fourth Century’, Byzantion 42 (1972), 358-387: ST has a photocopy

M.H. Dettenhofer, ‘Eunuchs, Women, and Imperial Courts’, in W. Scheidel (ed.), Romeand China: Comparative Perspectives on Ancient World Empires (2009), D56.R6, pp. 83-99

J.E. Dunlap, ‘The Office of the Grand Chamberlain in the Later Roman and Byzantine Empires’ (1924), folio DG312.B6

G. Greatrex and J. Bardill, ‘Antiochus the Praepositus: A Persian Eunuch at the Court      of Theodosius II’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 50 (1996), 171-197

J.D. Hester, ‘Eunuchs and the Postgender Jesus: Matthew 19.12 and Transgressive Sexualities’, Journal for the Study of the New Testament (2005), 28.1, 13-40

K. Hopkins, Conquerors and Slaves (1978) DG272.H6

K. Hopkins, ‘Eunuchs in Politics in the Later Roman Empire’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 189 (1963), 62-80

M. Kuefler, The Manly Eunuch: Masculinity, Gender Ambiguity, and Christian Ideology in Late Antiquity (2001), BT702.K8

J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, Barbarians and Bishops (1991), esp. chap. 8, The Age of Eutropius, pp. 96-110, DF543.L4

J. Long, Claudian’s In Eutropium. Or, How, When, and Why to Slander a Eunuch (1996), PA6374.L6

O. Patterson, Slavery and Social Death. A Comparative Study (1982), esp. 299-333, HT871.P2

D. Schlinkert, ‘Der Hofeunuch in der Spätantike: Ein gefährlicher Außenseiter?’, Hermes 122 (1994), 342-359: ST has a copy

D. Schlinkert, Ordo senatorius und nobilitas: Die Konstitution des Senatsadels in der Spätantike (1996; Hermes Einzelschriften 72), pp. 237-284 - appendix on th–  praepositus sacri cubiculi, DG83.3.S2

G. Sidéris, ‘La comédie des castrats. Ammien Marcellin et les eunuques, entre eunucophobie et admiration’, Revue Belge de Philologie et d’Histoire 78 (2000), pp. 681-717: ST has an offprint

R. Smith, ‘The Imperial Court of the Late Roman Empire’, in A.J.S. Spawforth (ed.), The Court and Court Society in Ancient Monarchies (2007), pp. 157-232, esp. 202-8, GT3510.C6 

W. Stevenson, ‘The Rise of Eunuchs in Greco-Roman Antiquity’, Journal of the History of Sexuality 5 (1995), 495-511

S. Tougher, ‘Ammianus and the Eunuchs’, in J.W. Drijvers and D. Hunt, edd., The   Late Roman World and its Historian. Interpreting Ammianus Marcellinus (1999), pp. 64-73, DG206.A4.L2

S. Tougher, ed., Eunuchs in Antiquity and Beyond (2002), HQ449.E8

S. Tougher, The Eunuch in Byzantine History and Society (2008), HQ449.T6

D. Woods, ‘Ammianus and Eutherius’, Acta Classica 41 (1998), pp. 105-117: ST has an offprint

Pagans and Christians

P. Athanassiadi and M. Frede (edd.), Pagan Monotheism in Late Antiquity (1999), BL221.P2

P. Brown, Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity (1982), BT738.B7

P. Brown, Power and Persuasion in Late Antiquity: Towards a Christian Empire (1992), DG311.B7

P. Brown, Authority and the Sacred: Aspects of the Christianisation of the Roman World (1995), BR170.B7

H. Chadwick, The Early Church (1967), BR165.C4

P. Chuvin, Chronique des derniers païens (1990), BR128.R7.C4 (English trans. in SW)

G. Clark, Christianity and Roman Society (2004), BR170.C5

P. de Labriolle, La réaction païenneocument DG30.L2

E.R. Dodds, Pagans and Christians in an Age of Anxiety (1965), BR170.D6

T.G. Elliott, ‘The Tax Exemptions Granted to Clerics by Constantine and Constantius II’, Phoenix32 (1978), 326-336

G. Fowden, ‘Bishops and Temples in the Eastern Roman Empire AD 320-435’, JThs 29 (1978), 53-77: ST has a photocopy

G. Fowden, ‘The Pagan Holy Man in Late Antique Society’, JHS 102 (1982), 33-59

G. Fowden, The Egyptian Hermes: A Historical Approach to the Late Pagan Mind (1986), BL820.M5.F6

W.H.C. Frend, The Early Church from the Beginnings to 461 (2nd ed. 1982), BR162.2.F7

W.H.C. Frend, The Rise of Christianity (1984), BR162.2.F7

J.N. Hillgarth (ed.), Christianity and Paganism, 350-750. The Conversion of Western Europe (rev. ed. 1986), BR200.C4

M. Humphries, Communities of the Blessed: Social Environment and Religious Change in Northern Italy, AD 200-400 (1999), BR877.N67.H8

E.D. Hunt, Holy Land Pilgrimage in the Later Roman Empire AD 312-460 (1982), BX2323.H8

E.D. Hunt, ‘Christians and Christianity in Ammianus Marcellinus’, CQ 35 (1985), 186-200

D. Janes, Romans and Christians (2002), BR170.J2

W.E. Klingshirn and M. Vessey, edd., Limits of Ancient Christianity: Essays on Late Antique Thought and Culture in Honor of R.A. Markus (1999), BR200.L4

R. Lane Fox, Pagans and Christians (1986), BR128.A2.L2

R. MacMullen, Christianizing the Roman Empire A.D. 100-400 (1984), BR170.M2

R. MacMullen, Christianity and Paganism in the Fourth to Eighth Centuries (1997), BR170.M2

R. Markus, Christianity in the Roman World (1974), BR170.M2

R. Markus, The End of Ancient Christianity (1990), BR165.M2

N. McLynn, Church Politics and Religious Culture in Late Antiquity (2009): on order

A. Momigliano (ed.), The Conflict between Paganism and Christianity in the Fourth Century (1963), DG312.M6

J. Nimmo Smith, A Christian’s Guide to Greek Culture (2001), PA3998.973.N4

J. O’Donnell, ‘The Demise of Paganism’, Traditio 35 (1979), 45-88

P. Rousseau, The Early Christian Centuries (2002), esp. p. 187 onwards, BR165.R6

W.G. Rusch, The Late Latin Fathers (1977), BR67.R8

M. Salamon, Paganism in the Later Roman Empire and in Byzantium (1991), DG121.P2

T. Ware, The Orthodox Church (1993), BX320.2.W2

Bishops

J. Bregman, Synesius of Cyrene: Philosopher-Bishop (1982), BR1720.S9.B7

H. Chadwick, Augustine (1986), BR1720.A9.C4

J.N.D. Kelly, Golden Mouth: the Story of John Chrysostom, Ascetic, Preacher, Bishop (1995), BR1720.C5.K3

W.E. Klingshirn, Caesarius of Arles: Life, Testament, Letters (1994), BR1720.C2.K5

J.A. McGuckin, St Gregory of Nazianzus: an Intellectual Biography (2001), BR1720.G7.M2

N. McLynn, Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital (1994), BR1720.A5.M2

W. Mayer and P. Allen, John Chrysostom (2000), BR65.C46.M2

A. Meredith, The Cappadocians (1995), BR67.M3

A. Meredith, Gregory of Nyssa (1999), BR65.G8.M3

J. Moorhead, Ambrose: Church and Society in the Late Roman World (1999), BR1720.A5.M6

A. Pettersen, Athanasius (1995), BR1720.A7.P3

C. Rapp, Holy Bishops in Late Antiquity (2005), BR166.R2

P. Rousseau, Basil of Caesarea (1994), BR1720.B3.R6

P. Rousseau, ‘In Search of Sidonius the Bishop’, Historia 25 (1976), 356-377

N. Russell, Cyril of Alexandria (2000), BR65.C952.E6

T. Urbainczyk, Theodoret of Cyrrhus (2002), BR1720.T36.U7

D.S. Wallace-Hadrill, Eusebius of Caesarea (1960), BR1720.E8.W2

D.H. Williams, Ambrose of Milan and the End of the Arian-Nicene Conflicts (1995), BR1720.A5.W4

Monasticism

J. Binns, Ascetics and Ambassadors of Christ: the Monasteries of Palestine (1994), BR185.B4

D. Brakke, Athanasius and the Politics of Asceticism (1995), BR1720.A7.B7

P. Brown, The Body and Society: Men, Women and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity (1989), BT708.B7

O. Chadwick, John Cassian (2nd ed. 1968), BR1720.C3.C4

D.J. Chitty, The Desert a City: an Introduction to the study of Egyptian and Palestinian Monasticism under the Christian Empire (1995), BR190.C4

M. Dunn, The Emergence of Monasticism (2000), BR195.M65.D8

H.J.W. Drijvers (ed.), History and Religion in Late Antique Syria (1994), BL1640.H4

S. Elm, ‘Virgins of God’: the Making of Asceticism in Late Antiquity (1994), BV5023.E5

J.N.D. Kelly, Jerome. His Life, Writings, and Controversies (1975), BR1720.J5.K3

P. Ladeuze, Étude sur le cénobitisme Pakhomien pendant le IVe siècle et la première moitié du Ve (1961), BX2465.L2

T.F.X. Noble and T. Head (edd.) Soldiers of Christ (1995), BX4654.S6

J. Patrich, Sabas, Leader of Palestinian Monasticism: a Comparative Study in Eastern Monasticism, Fourth to Seventh Centuries (1995), folio BR185.P2

S. Rubenson, The Letters of St. Antony: Monasticism and the Making of a Saint (1995), BR65.A3573.R8

P. Rousseau, Ascetics, Authority, and the Church in the Age of Jerome and Cassian (1978), BV5023.R6

P. Rousseau, Pachomius. The Making of a Community in Fourth-Century Egypt (1999), BR1720.P23.R6

T. Urbainczyk, Theodoret of Cyrrhus (2002), BR1720.T36.U7

A. Vööbus, History of Asceticism in the Syrian Orient (1958), BV5029.S9.V6

Later Roman Cities

R. Alston, The City in Roman and Byzantine Egypt (2001), HT114.A5

G.P. Brogiolo and B. Ward-Perkins (edd.), The Idea and the Ideal of the Town in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (1999), HT115.I3

G.P. Brogiolo, N. Gauthier and N. Christie (edd.), Towns and Their Territories between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (2000), HT115.T6

R. Browning, ‘The Riot of A.D. 387 in Antioch: The Role of the Theatrical Claques in the Later Empire’, JRS 42 (1952), 13-20

T.S. Burns and J.W. Eadie, Urban Centers and Rural Contexts in Late Antiquity (2001), HT114.U7

N. Christie, From Constantine to Charlemagne: An Archaeology of Italy AD 300-800 (2006), DG311.F7

G. Dagron, ‘L’empire romain d’orient au IVème siècle et les traditions politiques de l’hellénisme: le témoignage de Thémistios’, Travaux et Mémoires 3 (1968), 1-242

G. Downey, A History of Antioch in Syria (1961), DS99.A6.D6

C. Foss, Ephesusafter Antiquity: a Late Antique, Byzantine and Turkish City (1979), DF261.E5.F6

P. Garnsey, ‘Aspects of the Decline of the Urban Aristocracy in the Empire’ in ANRW II.1, 229ff.

C. Haas, Alexandriain Late Antiquity: Topography and Social Conflict (1997), DT73.A4.H2

A.H.M. Jones, The Greek City from Alexander to Justinian (1940), DE59.J6

C. Kondoleon (ed.), Antioch: The Lost Ancient City (2000), Folio N5865.A75.K6

L. Lavan (ed.), Recent Research in Late-Antique Urbanism (2001), Folio HT114.R3

J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, Antioch: City and Imperial Administration in the Later Roman Empire (1972), DS99.A6.L4

J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, The Decline and Fall of the Roman City (2000), HT114.L4

A.F. Norman, Antiochas a Centre of Hellenic Culture as Observed by Libanius (2000), PA4227.E6.GO2

A. Poulter (ed.), The Transition to Late Antiquity on the Danube and Beyond (2007), various chapters, DG311.T7

J. Rich (ed.), The City in Late Antiquity (1992), HT114.C4

I. Sandwell and J. Huskinson (edd.), Culture and Society in Later Roman Antioch (2004), DS99.A6.C8

Constantinople

J. Beckwith, Art of Constantinople (1961), N6250.B3

B. Croke, ‘Reinventing Constantinople: Theodosius I’s Imprint on the Imperial City’, in S. McGill, C. Sogno and E. Watts (edd.), From the Tetrarchs to the Theodosians. Later Roman History and Culture, 284-450 CE (2010), pp. 241-264, DG311.F7

G. Dagron, Naissance d’une capitale: Constantinople et ses institutions de 330 à 451 (1984), DR729.D2

Dumbarton Oaks Papers 54 (2000): various papers, esp. pp. 157-264

J.E.N. Hearsey, City of Constantine 324-1453 (1963), DR729.H3

R. Janin, ConstantinopleByzantine (1964), DR729.J2

R. Krautheimer, Three Christian Capitals (1983), DG62.5.K7

M. Maclagan, The City of Constantinople (1968), DR728.M2

C. Mango, Studies on Constantinople (1993), esp. I, DR725.M2

C. Mango, Le développement urbain de Constantinole (IVe – VIIe sieclès) (2004), DR729.M2

T.F. Mathews, The Early Churches of Constantinople: Architecture and Liturgy (1971), Architecture: Main 726.50949 M

N. Necipoglu (ed.), Byzantine Constantinople: Monuments, Topography and Everyday Life (2001), DR729.B9

D. Talbot Rice, Constantinople Byzantium-Istanbul (1965), folio DR728.R4

R.A. Tomlinson, From Mycenae to Constantinople: The Evolution of the Ancient City (1992), HT114.T6

S. Turnbull, The Walls of Constantinople AD 324-1453 (2004), DR729.T8

B. Ward-Perkins, ‘Constantinople: A City and its Ideological Territory’, in G.P. Brogiolo, N. Gauthier and N. Christie (edd.), Towns and Their Territories between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (2000), pp. 325-345, HT115.T6

The Later Roman Army

B. Campbell, ‘The Army’, in Cambridge Ancient History vol. 12, second edition, The Crisis of Empire, A.D. 193-337 (2005), pp. 110-130, D57.C2

K. Dixon and P. Southern, The Late Roman Army (1996), DG89.S6

R. Duncan-Jones, ‘Pay and Numbers in Diocletian’s Army’, Chiron 8 (1958) 223-90

H. Elton, Warfare in Roman Europe, AD350-425 (1996), DG59.A2.E5

A. Ferrill, The Fall of the Roman Empire: the Military Explanation (1983), DG319.F3

M. Kulikowski, ‘The Notitia Dignitatum as a Historical Source’, Historia 49 (2000), pp. 358-377

A.D. Lee, War in Late Antiquity: A Social History (2007), DG89.L3

J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, ‘The End of the Roman Army in the Western Empire’, in J. Rich and G. Shipley (edd.), War and Society in the Roman World (1993), 265-276, DE88.W2

R. MacMullen, Soldier and Civilian in the Later Roman Army (1963), DG89.M2

M.J. Nicasie, Twilight of Empire: the Roman Army from the Reign of Diocletian until the Battle of Adrianople (1998), DG89.N4

E.A. Thompson, A Roman Reformer and Inventor (1952), DG13.D3

Michael Whitby, ‘The Late Roman Army and the Defence of the Balkans’, in A. Poulter (ed.), The Transition to Late Antiquity on the Danube and Beyond (2007), 135-161, DG311.T7

Michael Whitby, ‘Emperors and Armies, AD 235-395’, in S. Swain and M. Edwards (edd.), Approaching Late Antiquity: The Transformation from Early to Late Empire (2004), 156-185, DG311.A7

The Dynasty of Valentinian

A. Alföldi, Conflict of Ideas in the Late Roman Empire: the Clash between the Senate and Valentinian I (1952), DG323.A5

T.S. Burns, ‘The battle of Adrianople: a reconsideration’, Historia 22 (1973), 336-345

R.M. Errington, Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius (2006), DG319.E7

N. Lenski, Failure of Empire. Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. (2002), DF559.L3

J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, Ambrose of Milan: Political Letters and Speeches (2005), BR1720.A5.A6

J. Matthews, Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court, AD 364-425 (1975), DG325.M2

C. Sogno, Q. Aurelius Symmachus: A Political Biography (2006), PA6704.S9.S6

L.R. Wickham, Hilary of Poitiers, Conflicts of Conscience and Law in the Fourth-Century Church (1997), BR65.H74.H4

The Theodosian Dynasty

Alan Cameron, Claudian: Poetry and Propaganda at the Court of Honorius (1970), PA6374.C2

Alan Cameron and J. Long, with L. Sherry, Barbarians and Politics at the Court of Arcadius (1993), PA4441.S7.A5.C2

C.L. Connor, Women of Byzantium (2004), esp. 45-77, HQ1147.B98.C6

B. Croke, ‘Reinventing Constantinople: Theodosius I’s Imprint on the Imperial City’, in S. McGill, C. Sogno and E. Watts (edd.), From the Tetrarchs to the Theodosians. Later Roman History and Culture, 284-450 CE (2010), pp. 241-264, DG311.F7

R.M. Errington, Roman Imperial Policy from Julian to Theodosius (2006), DG319.E7

J. Harries, ‘‘Pius Princeps’: Theodosius II and Fifth-Century Constantinople’, in P. Magdalino (ed.), New Constantines (1994), 35-44, DF552.S7

J. Harries and I. Wood, edd., The Theodosian Code (1993), DG88.T4

K.G. Holum, Theodosian Empresses: Women and Imperial Dominion in Late Antiquity (1982), DG322.H6

L. James, Empresses and Power in Early Byzantium (2001), DF556.J2

B. Killerich, The Obelisk Base in Constantinople: Court Art and Imperial Ideology (1998), NB1380.K4

N.Q. King, The Emperor Theodosius and the Establishment of Christianity (1961), DG330.K4

J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, Barbarians and Bishops: Army, Church, and State in the Age of Arcadius and Chrysostom (1991), DF543.L4

N. McLynn, Ambrose of Milan: Church and Court in a Christian Capital (1994), BR1720.A5.M2

J.F. Matthews, Laying Down the Law: A Study of the Theodosian Code (2000), DG310.M2

F. Millar, A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408-450) (2006), DF562.M4

S. Moorhead and D. Stuttard, AD 410 The Year that Shook Rome (2010), DG311.M6

S. Williams and G. Friell, Theodosius. The Empire at Bay (1994), DG330.W4

The Two Empires: East and West

C. Foss and P. Magdalino, Romeand Byzantium (1977), Folio DG311.F6

M. Grant, From Rome to Byzantium: the Fifth Century AD (1998), DG555.G7

F.K. Haarer, Anastasius I: Politics and Empire in the Late Roman World (2006), DF567.A6

W.E. Kaegi, Byzantiumand the Decline of Rome (1968), DF553.K2

J. Moorhead, The Roman Empire Divided 400-700 (2001), DG311.M6

S. Williams and G. Friell, The Rome that did not Fall: the Survival of the East in the Fifth   Century AD (1999), DF555.W4

‘Barbarians’, ‘Invasions’, Kingdoms

J.-J. Aillagon (ed.), Rome and the Barbarians: The Birth of a New World (2008), folioN5760.R6

A. Barbero and M. I. Loring, ‘The Formation of the Sueve and Visigothic Kingdoms in Spain’, in P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), 162-192, D117.N3

S.J. Barnish and F. Marazzi (ed.), The Ostrogoths (2007), D138.O8

P.S. Barnwell, Emperor, Prefects & Kings. The Roman West, 395-565 (1992), D102.B2

P.S. Barnwell, Kings, Courtiers & Imperium. The Barbarian West, 565-725 (1997), D121.B2

T.S. Burns, Barbarians within the Gates of Rome: a Study of Roman Military Policy and the Barbarians, ca 375-425 AD (1994), DG319.B8

F.M. Clover, The Late Roman West and the Vandals (1993), DG312.C5

J.F. Drinkwater, The Alamanni and Rome 213-496 (Caracalla to Clovis) (2007), DG298.D7

P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), D117.N3

W.A. Goffart, Barbarians and Romans, A.D. 418-584: the Techniques of Accommodation (1980), DG319.G6

G. Halsall, ‘The Barbarian Invasions’, in P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), 35-55, D117.N3

G. Halsall, Barbarian Migrations and the Roman West (2007)

P. Heather, Goths and Romans (1991), D137.H3

P. Heather, The Goths (1996), D137.H3

P. Heather, ‘The Barbarian in Late Antiquity: Image, Reality and Transformation’, in R. Miles (ed.), Constructing Identities in Late Antiquity (1999), pp. 234-258, DG78.C6

P. Heather, ed., The Visigoths (1999), D137.V4

P. Heather and J. Matthews, The Goths in the Fourth Century (1991), D137.H3

E. James, The Franks (1988), DC64.J2

S. Johnson, Late Roman Fortifications (1983), DG89.J6

M. Kulikowski, Rome’s Gothic Wars from the Third Century to Alaric (2007), DG312.K8

A.D. Lee, Information and Frontiers: Roman Foreign Relations in Late Antiquity (1993), DG312.L3

J.H.W.G. Liebeschuetz, Barbarians and Bishops: Army, Church, and State in the Age of Arcadius and Chrysostom (1991), DF543.L4

P. MacGeorge, Late Roman Warlords (2002), chaps. on Ricimer, Gundobad, Odovacer, DG312.M2

A.H. Merrills (ed.), Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa (2004), DT198.V2

S. Moorhead and D. Stuttard, AD 410 The Year that Shook Rome (2010), DG311.M6

L. Musset, The Germanic Invasions (1975), D135.M8

W. Pohl (ed.), Kingdoms of the Empire: the Integration of Barbarians in Late Antiquity (1997), DG312.K4

A. Poulter (ed.), The Transition to Late Antiquity on the Danube and Beyond (2007), DG311.T7

J. Randers-Pehrson, Barbarians and Romans: the Birth Struggle of Europe (1983), D102.R2

R. Seager, ‘Roman Policy on the Rhine and Danube in Ammianus’, CQ 49 (1999), 579-605

E.A. Thompson, The Visigoths in the Time of Ulfila (1966), second edition (2008), D137.T4

E.A. Thompson, Romans and Barbarians: the Decline of the Western Empire (1982), DG311.T4

M. Todd, The Barbarians: Goths, Franks and Vandals (1972), D135.T6

M. Todd, The Early Germans (1992), DD121.T6

R. Van Dam, ‘Merovingian Gaul and the Frankish Conquests’, in P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), 193-231, D117.N3

J. Wallace-Hadrill, The Barbarian West, AD 400-1000 (1985), D135.W2

H. Wolfram, The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples (tr. 1997), DG312.W6

I. Wood, The Merovingian Kingdoms 450-751 (1994), DC65.W9

Attila and the Huns

C.D. Gordon, Age of Attila: Fifth-Century Byzantium and the Barbarians (1961), DF555.G6

P. Heather, ‘The Huns and the End of the Roman Empire in Western Europe’, English Historical Review 110 (1995), 4-41

T. Hodgkin, Huns, Vandals, and the Fall of the Roman Empire (1996), Lifelong Learning 937.09 H

C. Kelly, Attila the Hun: Barbarian Terror and the Fall of the Roman Empire (2008), D141.K3

C. King, ‘The Veracity of Ammianus Marcellinus’ Description of the Huns’, American Journal of Ancient History 12 (1987), 77-95

O.J. Maenchen-Helfen, The World of the Huns: Studies in their History and Culture (1973), D141.M2

E.A. Thompson, A History of Attila and the Huns (1948), D141.T4

P. Tuffin and M. McEvoy, ‘Steak à la Hun: Food, Drink, and Dietary Habits in Ammianus Marcellinus’, in W. Mayer and S. Trzcionka (edd.), Feast, Fast or Famine: Food and Drink in Byzantium (2005), 69-84, DF521.F3

C. Zuckerman, ‘L’Empire d’Orient et les Huns: notes sur Priscus’, Travaux et mémoires 12 (1994), 159-182

Rome, Milan and Ravenna

G. Bovini, Ravenna: its Mosaics and Monuments (1956), N6291.R2.B6

G. Bovini, RavennaMosaics (1978), Folio N6921.R2.B6

K. Cooper and J. Hillner (edd.), Religion, Dynasty, and Patronage in Early Christian Rome, 300-900 (2007), BL65.S8.R3

J. Curran, PaganCity and Christian Capital: Rome in the Fourth Century (2000), BR205.C8

H.W. Dey, The Aurleian Wall and the Refashioning of Imperial Rome AD 271-855 (2011), DG67.D3

R. Krautheimer, Rome, Profile of a City, 312-1308 (1979), folio DG811.K7

R. Krautheimer, Three Christian Capitals (1983), DG62.5.K7

B. Lançon, Romein Late Antiquity: Everyday Life and Urban Change, AD 312-609 (2000), DG311.L2

V. Manzelli, Ravenna (2000), DG70.R37.M2

A. Paolucci, Ravenna(1971), folio N6921.R2.P2

J.M. Pizarro, Writing Ravenna. The Liber Pontificalis of Andreas Agnellus (1995), BX4684.M2

W.V. Harris (ed.), The Transformation of Urbs Roma in Late Antiquity (1999), folio DG78.T7

R. Ross Holloway, Constantine& Rome (2004), NA5620.H6

A.J. Wharton, Refiguring the Post Classical City: Dura Europus, Jerash, Jerusalem and Ravenna (1995), NA360.W4

Gaul and Sidonius Apollinaris

J.F. Drinkwater, The Alamanni and Rome 213-496 (Caracalla to Clovis) (2007), DG298.D7

J.F. Drinkwater and H. Elton (edd.), Fifth-century Gaul: a Crisis of Identity? (1992), DC62.F4

A. Gillett, Envoys and Political Communication in the Late Antique West, 411-533 (2003), esp. pp. 84-112, D131.G4

J. Harries, Sidonius Apollinaris and the Fall of Rome (1994), DG3125S5.H2

J. Harries, ‘Sidonius Apollinaris and the Frontiers of Romanitas’, in Mathisen and Sivan (edd.), Shifting Frontiers in Late Antiquity (1996), 31-44

W.E. Klingshirn, Caesarius of Arles: the Making of a Christian Community in Late Antique Gaul (1994), BR844.K5

P. MacGeorge, Late Roman Warlords (2002), Part II on n. Gaul, DG312.M2

R.W. Mathisen, Ecclesiastical Factionalism and Religious Controversy in Fifth-Century Gaul (1989), BR844.M2

R.W. Mathisen, Roman Aristocrats in Barbarian Gaul: Strategies for Survival (1993), DC62.M2

R.W. Mathisen, Ruricius of Limoges and Friends: a Collection of Letters from Visigothic Gaul (1999), DC60.R8

R.W. Mathisen and D. Shanzer, Society and Culture in Late Antique Gaul (2001), DC62.S6

A.C. Murray, From Roman to Merovingian Gaul: A Reader (2000), DC60.F7

J. Percival, ‘Desperately Seeking Sidonius’, Latomus 56 (1997), 279-292

P. Rousseau, ‘In Search of Sidonius the Bishop’, Historia 25 (1976), 356-377

H. Sivan, ‘Sidonius Apollinaris, Theodoric II, and Gothic-Roman Politics from Avitus to Anthemius’, Hermes 117 (1989), pp. 85-94: ST has a photocopy

H. Sivan, Ausonius of Bordeaux: Genesis of a Gallic Aristocracy (1993), PA6223.S4

C.E. Stevens, Sidonius Apollinaris and his Age (1933), PA6694.S8

R. Van Dam, Leadership and Community in Late Antique Gaul (1992), DC62.V2

R. Van Dam, Saints and their Miracles in Late Antique Gaul (1993), BX4659.F7.V2

L. Watson, ‘Representing the Past, Redefining the Future: Sidonius Apollinaris’ Panegyrics of Avitus and Anthemius’, in Mary Whitby (ed.), The Propaganda of Power. The Role of Panegyric in Late Antiquity (1998), pp. 177-198, PA3014.P65.P7

AD 476: The ‘Fall’ of the Roman Empire

N.H. Baynes, Byzantine Studies and Other Essays (1955), esp. pp. 83-96, DF552.B2

M. Chambers (ed.), The Fall of Rome: Can it be Explained? (1963), DG311.C4    

B. Croke, ‘A.D. 476: the Manufacture of a Turning Point’, Chiron 13 (1983), 81-119, in Christian Chronicles, V

A. Gillett, Envoys and Political Communication in the Late Antique West, 411-533 (2003), D131.G4

W. Goffart, Rome’s Fall and After (1989), D116.G6

M. Grant, The Fall of the Roman Empire (1976), DG311.G7

R.M. Haywood, The Myth of Rome’s Fall (1958), DG311.H2

P. Heather, Fall of the Roman Empire (2005), DG311.H3

D. Kagan (ed.), End of the Roman Empire: Decline or Transformation? (1978), Lifelong Learning 937.08 E

P. MacGeorge, Late Roman Warlords (2002), chap. 16, DG312.M2

R. MacMullen, Corruption and the Decline of Rome (1988), DG311.M2

S. Mazzarino, The End of the Ancient World (1966), DG311.P3

S. Perowne, The End of the Roman World (1966), DG311.P3

E. Swift, End of the Western Roman Empire: an Archaeological Investigation (2000), DG312.S9

J. Vogt, The Decline of Rome (1967), DG311.V6

F.W. Walbank, The Awful Revolution: the decline of the Roman Empire in the West (1969), DG311.W2

B. Ward-Perkins, The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilization (2005), DG311.W2

Theoderic and Gothic Italy

P. Amory, People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy 489-554 (1997), DG506.A6

S.J.B. Barnish, ‘The Anonymous Valesianus II as a Source for the Last Years of Theoderic’, Latomus 42 (1983), 572-596

S.J. Barnish and F. Marazzi (ed.), The Ostrogoths (2007), D138.O8

P.S. Barnwell, Emperor, Prefects & Kings. The Roman West, 395-565 (1992), D102.B2

H. Bradley, The Goths (1887), D137.B7

W. Goffart, Narrators of Barbarian History (A.D. 550-800): Jordanes, Gregory of Tours, Bede, and Paul the Deacon (1988), D116.G6

P. Heather, The Goths (1996), D137.H3

T. Hodgkin, Theoderic the Goth (1897), DG507.H6

T. Hodgkin, Italyand her Invaders (1892-9), DG503.A3.H6

J. Moorhead, Theoderic in Italy (1991), DG507.M6

J. Moorhead, ‘Ostrogothic Italy and the Lombard Invasions’, in P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), 140-161, D117.N3

J.J. O’Donnell, Cassiodorus (1979), PA6271.C4.O3

H. Wolfram, History of the Goths (1988)

H. Wolfram, The Roman Empire and its Germanic Peoples (tr. 1997), DG312.W6

Justinian and the Sixth Century

P. Allen and E. Jeffreys (edd.), The Sixth Century. End or Beginning? (1996), DF553.S4

J.W. Barker, Justinian and the Later Roman Empire (1966), DF572.B2

R. Browning, Justinian and Theodora (1971), DF572.B7

Averil Cameron, ‘Images of Authority: Élites and Icons in Late Sixth-Century Byzantium’, Past & Present 84 (1979), 3-35

Averil Cameron, Changing Cultures in Early Byzantium (1996), DF571.C2

J.A.S. Evans, The Age of Justinian (1996), DF572.E9

F.K. Haarer, Anastasius I: Politics and Empire in the Late Roman World (2006), DF567.A6

R. Hodges and W. Bowden, The Sixth Century. Production, Distribution and Demand (1998), DG504.S4

L.K. Little (ed.), Plague and the End of Antiquity. The Pandemic of 541-750 (2007), RA644.P7.P5

A. Louth, ‘The Eastern Empire in the Sixth Century’, in P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), 93-117, D117.N3

M. Maas, John Lydus and the Roman Past (1992), DF572.M2

M. Maas (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Justinian (2005), DF572.C2

J. Moorhead, Justinian (1994), DF572.M6

P. Sarris, Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian (2006), DF572.S2

R. Scott, ‘Malalas, the Secret History and Justinian’s Propaganda’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 39 (1985)

P.N. Ure, Justinian and his Age (1951), DF572.U7

E. Watts, ‘Justinian, Malalas, and the End of Athenian Philosophical Teaching in A.D. 529’, Journal of Roman Studies 94 (2004), 168-182

Procopius and Sixth-Century Literary Culture

K. Adshead, ‘The Secret History of Procopius and its Genesis’, Byzantion 63 (1993),

pp. 5-28: ST has a copy

P. Allen, Evagrius Scholasticus the Church Historian (1981), BR160.E9.A5

J. Beaucamp (ed.), Recherches sur la chronique de Jean Malalas (2004), D17.C6

Alan Cameron and Averil Cameron, ‘The Cycle of Agathias’, JHS 86 (1966)

Averil Cameron, Procopius (1985), PA4403.C2

The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite, tr. F.R. Trombley and J.W. Watt (2000), PJ567.J6.T7

B. Croke, Count Marcellinus and his Chronicle (2001), DF556.C7

J. Elsner, ‘The Rhetoric of Buildings in the De Aedificiis of Procopius’, in L. James (ed.), Art and Text in Byzantine Culture (2007), 33-57

G. Greatrex, ‘The Dates of Procopius’ Works’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 18 (1994)

G. Greatrex, ‘Procopius the Outsider?’, in D. Smythe (ed.), Strangers to Themselves: The Byzantine Outsider (2000), pp. 215-228, DF521.S7

J. Howard-Johnston, ‘The Education and Expertise of Procopius’, in C. Roueché et al., Le De Aedificiis de Procope: le texte et les réalités documentaires (2001), Folio PA4403.D3

E. Jeffreys with B. Croke and R. Scott (edd.), Studies in John Malalas (1990), D56.52.H35.S8

A. Kaldellis, ‘The Date and Structure of Prokopios’ Secret History and His Projected Work on Church History, Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies 49 (2009), pp. 585-616

A. Kaldellis, Procopius of Caesarea: Tyanny, History, and Philosophy at the End of Antiquity (2004), DF505.7.P7.K2

J. Koder, ‘Imperial Propaganda in the Kontakia of Romanos the Melode’, Dumbarton Oaks Papers 62 (2008), pp. 275-291

G. Marasco (ed.), Greek and Roman Historiography in Late Antiquity (2003), DG205.G7

C. Roueché et al., Le De Aedificiis de Procope: le texte et les réalités documentaires (2001), PA4403.D3

A. Varghese, ‘Kaiserkritik in Two Kontakia of Romanos’, in J. Burke et al, Byzantine Narrative. Papers in Honour of Roger Scott (2006), 393-403, PA5010.A8

Michael Whitby, ‘Greek Historical Writing after Procopius: Variety and Vitality’, in A. Cameron and L.I. Conrad (edd.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, I (1992), pp. 25-80, DS62.25.W6

Justinian’s Legislation

T. Honoré, Tribonian (1978), Law Library 343.411H

R. Scott, ‘Malalas and Justinian’s Codification’, in E. Jeffreys, M. Jeffreys and A. Moffatt (edd.), Byzantine Papers (1981), DF505.A8

B. Stolte, ‘Justinianus Bifrons’, in P. Magdalino (ed.), New Constantines (1994), 45-55, DF552.S7

Heresy

M.R. Barnes and D.H. Williams (edd.), Arianism after Arius (1993), BT1350.A7

O. Chadwick, John Cassian (2nd ed. 1968), BR1720.C3.C4: for Nestorius

W.H.C. Frend, Rise of the Monophysite Movement: Chapters in the History of the Church in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries (1972), BT1425.F7

R.P.C. Hanson, Search for the Christian Doctrine of God: the Arian Controversy 318-381 (1988), BT1350.H2

C. Kannengiesser, Arius and Athanasius: Two Alexandrian Theologians (1991), BR1720.A7.K2

F. Loofs, Nestorius and his Place in the History of Christian Doctrine (1975), BT1440.L6

R.V. Sellers, The Council of Chalcedon. A Historical and Doctrinal Survey (1961), BR225.S3

F.M. Young, From Nicaea to Chalcedon (1983), BR67.Y6

The Nika Riot

J.B. Bury, ‘The Nika Riot’, JHS 17 (1897), 92-119

Alan Cameron, Circus Factions (1976), DG95.C2

G. Greatrex, ‘The Nika Riot: A Reappraisal’, JHS 117 (1997), 60-86

Michael Whitby, ‘The Violence of the Circus Factions’, in K. Hopwood (ed.), Organised Crime in Antiquity (1999), 229-253, HV6441.07

Hagia Sophia

R.M. Harrison, A Temple for Byzantium (1989), folio NA5870.C48.H2

H. Kähler, Hagia Sophia (1967), Bute Library 726.50949K

W.E. Kleinbauer, Hagia Sophia (2004), Architecture 726.50949K

R.J. Mainstone, Hagia Sophia: Architecture, Structure and Liturgy of Justinian’s Great Church (1988), Architecture: Main 726.50949M

Mary Whitby, ‘The St Polyeuktos Epigram (AP 1.10): A Literary Perspective’, in S.F. Johnson (ed.), Greek Literature in Late Antiquity: Dynamism, Didacticism, Classicism (2006), 159-187, PA3086.G7

Sasanid Persia

R.C. Blockley, ‘Subsidies and Diplomacy: Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity’, Phoenix39 (1985), 62-74

R.C. Blockley, East Roman Foreign Policy. Formation and Conduct from Diocletian to Anastasius (1992), DG312.B5

Averil Cameron (ed.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, vol. 1 (1992), DS62.25.W6

Averil Cameron and L. Conrad (edd.), The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East, vol. 3 (1995), DS62.25.W6

A. Christensen, L’Iran sous les Sassanides, 2nd ed. (1944), DS286.C4

V.S. Curtis and S. Stewart (edd.), The Sasanian Era (2008), DS286.S2

B. Dignas, Romeand Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals (2007), DG312.W4

M.H. Dodgeon and S.N.C. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (A.D. 226-363): A Documentary History (1991), DG311.R6

D.H. French and C.S. Lightfoot (edd.), The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire (1989), folio DG89.E2

G. Greatrex, Romeand Persia at War, 502-532 (1998), DF553.G7

G. Greatrex and S.N.C. Lieu, The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars, Part II AD 363-630: A Narrative Sourcebook (2002), DG271.R6

B. Isaac, The Limits of Empire: The Roman Army in the East (1990), DG89.I8

A.D. Lee, Information and Frontiers: Roman Foreign Relations in Late Antiquity (1993), DG312.L3

The Reconquest of the West

P.S. Barnwell, Emperor, Prefects & Kings. The Roman West, 395-565 (1992), D102.B2

T.S. Brown, Gentlemen and Officers. Imperial Administration and Aristocratic Power in Byzantine Italy A.D. 554-800 (1984), DG504.B7

N. Christie, From Constantine to Charlemagne: An Archaeology of Italy AD 300-800 (2006), DG311.F7

L.H. Fauber, Narses: Hammer of the Goths (1990): SW library

J. Moorhead, ‘The Byzantines in the West in the Sixth Century’, in P. Fouracre (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol. 1, c. 500-c. 700 (2005), 118-139, D117.N3

C. Wickham, Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400-1000 (1980), DG492.W4

The Empress Theodora

P. Allen, ‘Contemporary Portrayals of the Byzantine Empress Theodora (A.D. 527-548)’, in B. Garlick, S. Dixon and P. Allen (edd.), Stereotypes of Women in Power (1992), pp. 93-103, HQ1236.S8

I. Andreescu-Treadgold and W. Treadgold, ‘Procopius and the Imperial Panels of S. Vitale’, The Art Bulletin 79 (1997), 708-723: ST has a photocopy

M. Angold, ‘Procopius’s Portrait of Theodora’, PHILELLEN. Studies in Honour of Robert Browning (1996), pp. 21-34: ST has offprint

C. Barber, ‘The Imperial Panels at San Vitale: a Reconsideration’, Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 14 (1990), 19-42, DF553.B9

L. Brubaker, ‘Sex, Lies and Textuality: The Secret History of Prokopios and the Rhetoric of Gender in Sixth-Century Byzantium’, in L. Brubaker and J.M.H. Smith (edd.), Gender in the Early Medieval World: East and West, 300-900 (2004), 83-101, HQ1075.5.E85.G3

C.L. Connor, Women of Byzantium (2004), esp. 117-145, HQ1147.B98.C6

J.A. Evans, The Empress Theodora: Partner of Justinian (2002), DF572.5.E9

E.A. Fisher, ‘Theodora and Antonina in the Historia Arcana: History and/or Fiction?’, Arethusa 11 (1978)

C. Foss, ‘Theodora and Evita: Two Women in Power’, in C. Sode and S. Takács (edd.), 

Novum Millennium (2001), pp. 113-121, DF552.N6

C. Foss, ‘The Empress Theodora’, Byzantion 72 (2002), pp. 141-176

L. Garland, Byzantine Empresses (1999), Chapter 1: Theodora, DF572.8.E6.G2

L. James, ‘ “As the Actress said to the Bishop…”: The Portrayal of Byzantine Women in English-language Fiction’, in R. Cormack and E. Jeffreys (edd.), Through the Looking Glass: Byzantium through British Eyes (2000), 237-249, DF552.S7

L. James, Empresses and Power in Early Byzantium (2001), DF556.J2

A. McClanan, Representation of Early Byzantine Empresses: Image and Empire (2002), esp. 93-148, N7852.5.M2

R. Webb, ‘Female Entertainers in Late Antiquity’, in P. Easterling and E. Hall (edd.), Greek and Roman Actors: Aspects of an Ancient Profession (2002), 282-303, PA3024.G7

R. Webb, Demons and Dancers: Performance in Late Antiquity (2008), PA3024.W3

The Successors of Justinian

P.S. Barnwell, Kings, Courtiers & Imperium. The Barbarian West, 565-725 (1997), D121.B2

T.S. Brown, Gentlemen and Officers. Imperial Administration and Aristocratic Power in Byzantine Italy A.D. 554-800 (1984), DG504.B7

N. Christie, The Lombards (1995), DG511.C4

J.F. Haldon, Byzantiumin the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture (1990), pp. 9-40, DF591.H2

A. McClanan, Representation of Early Byzantine Empresses: Image and Empire (2002), esp. chap. 7 on Sophia, N7852.5.M2

Michael Whitby, The Emperor Maurice and his Historian (1988), DF573.5.W4


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