HS3101: Introduction to Ancient Greek History

School Ancient History
Department Code SHARE
Module Code HS3101
External Subject Code V110
Number of Credits 20
Level L4
Language of Delivery English
Module Leader Dr Louis Rawlings
Semester Double Semester
Academic Year 2013/4

Outline Description of Module

The Greeks invented democracy, and have profoundly influenced Western political thought, art, philosophy and literature. This introductory double module studies three periods, with detailed reference to the major historical sources. First it attempts to reconstruct early Greek history, institutions and society, using the works of the first great epic poet, Homer, the "Iliad" and the "Odyssey". Then it examines the emergence of the Greek city-states, the conflict of east versus west through the perspective of Herodotus, and the history of Athens in the fifth century, considering the development of democracy, the acquisition of empire and subsequent conflict with rival Sparta (detailed in Thucydides' history), and the social, economic and intellectual life of the city (especially issues of gender and slavery). Finally the course deals with the emergence of Macedon in the fourth century, and the conquests of Alexander. METHODS OF TEACHING: Approximately 20 hours of lectures and 4 hours of seminars. METHODS OF ASSESSMENT: One essay (35%); one group presentation (15%); one 2-hour examination (50%).

On completion of the module a student should be able to

On successful completion of the module, the student will demonstrate:

·      A knowledge of two important periods of Greek history, Archaic and Classical Greece

·      An ability to analyse the historical sources for the periods, including historians (such as Thucydides), poets (such as Homer), and other literary and documentary material.

·      An awareness of modern interpretations of the periods, and an ability to develop their own ideas.

and will be able to show evidence of these abilities in coursework and examinations.

How the module will be delivered

This module will be taught by a series of lectures and supporting seminars

Skills that will be practised and developed

This double module will provide an introduction to the major issues, historical sources and methods involved in studying the political, social and cultural history of the ancient Greek states in two distinct periods: the eighth to sixth centuries BC, at the time of Homer and the formation of the city-states; and the fifth century BC, at the time of the domination of the Greek world by the power blocs each headed by Athens and Sparta.

How the module will be assessed

One essay (35% of the marks); one group presentation (15% of the marks)

One 2 hour exam (50% of the marks)

Assessment Breakdown

Type % Title Duration(hrs)
Presentation 15 Introduction To Ancient Greek History N/A
Written Assessment 35 Introduction To Ancient Greek History N/A
Exam - Spring Semester 50 Introduction To Ancient Greek History 2

Syllabus content

The use of Homer, Herodotus and archaeological material to reconstruct the material culture, political and social organisations, and social and religious values, of Greek states of the eighth to sixth centuries BC. The development and functioning of the political systems of Athens and Sparta in the classical period; the development of the Peloponnesian League and the Athenian Empire; Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War; Aristophanes and the functions of comedy in Athens; social values and ideologies in Athens, with particular reference to the institution of slavery and the relations between men and women; the intellectual developments in late fifth century Athens associated with the teachings of the Sophists and of Socrates.

Essential Reading and Resource List

Herodotus, The Histories, translated by Aubrey de Sélincourt (Penguin)

GREEK HISTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY

A copy of most of these books can be found in the Short Loan Section of the library behind the main issue desk; copies of many are also available in the Sheila White Library in room 4.09. Further bibliographies will be issued by the tutors in due course.

1. Primary Sources

Many texts are now available on-line (though some translations are very dated and should be used with caution, such those which employ Roman versions of Greek names – e.g. Ulysses for Odysseus). Details of reliable web resources can be found on the Ancient History web pages at:

        http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/share/currentstudents/ancienthistory/studyresources/

Translations of early Greek poets:

Homer, Iliad and Odyssey (Penguin)

Hesiod, Theogony and Works and Days (Oxford, translated by M.L.West)

West, M.L. Greek Lyric Poetry (1993)

The main historians

Herodotus, The Histories (Oxford or Penguin)

Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War (Penguin)

Xenophon, Hellenica (published as A History of My Times by Penguin)

Useful collections of further sources:

Austin, M.M. (1981), The Hellenistic World from Alexander to the Roman Conquest: A Selection of Sources in Translation, Cambridge [DF235.A1.H3].

Bagnall, R.S. and P. Derow (2004, second edition), Greek Historical Documents: The Hellenistic Period, Chico [DF235.A1.B2].

Dillon, M. and Garland, L. (2010, 3rd edition), Ancient Greece: Social and Historical Documents from Archaic Times to the Death of Alexander, London [DF12.D4]

Fornara, C. (1983, second edition),Translated Documents of Greece and Rome I: from Archaic Times to the End of the Peloponnesian War, Cambridge [DF222.A7].

Rhodes, P.J. (2007, second edition), The Greek City-States: A Sourcebook, Cambridge [DF222.G7].

LACTOR 1: The Athenian Empire (4th ed., R. Osborne).

LACTOR 5: The Athenian Radical Democracy (2nd ed. J.W. Roberts).

LACTOR 12: The Culture of Athens (ed. J.P. Sabben-Clare and M.S. Warman).

LACTOR 16: The Persian Empire from Cyrus II to Artaxerxes I (ed. M. Brosius).

2. General Works on Greek History

Andrewes, A. (1966), Greek Society (Penguin) [DF77.A6].

Buckley, T. (2010, 2nd edition), Aspects of Greek History, 750–323 BC, London

Davies, J.K. (1978), Democracy and Classical Greece, London [DF214.D2].

Forrest, W.G. (1966),The Emergence of Greek Democracy, London [DF222.F6].

Hall, J.M. (2007), A History of the Archaic Greek World, ca. 1200–479 BC, Oxford [DF221.2.H2].

Hornblower, S. (2002, 3rd edition), The Greek World, 479–323 BC, London [DF214.H6].

Murray, O. (1993, 2nd edition), Early Greece, London [DF77.M8].

Osborne, R. (2009, 2nd edition), Greece in the Making 1200–479 B.C., London and New York [DF220.O8].

Pitcher, L. (2009), Writing Ancient History: An Introduction to Classical Historiography, London and New York [copy ordered].

Polignac, F. de (1995), Cults, Territory and the Origins of the Greek City State, Chicago [DF222.P6].

Powell, A. (2001, 2nd edition), Athens & Sparta: Reconstructing Greek Political and Social History 478–371 BC, London and New York [DF214.P6].

Rhodes, P. (2006), A History of the Classical Greek World: 478–323 BC, Malden, MA [DF214.R4].

Shapiro, H.A. (ed.) (2007), The Cambridge Companionto Archaic Greece, Cambridge and New York [DF77.C2].

Snodgrass, A.M. (1980), Archaic Greece: The Age of Experiment, Berkeley [DF222.S6].

Starr, C.G. (1977),The Economic and Social Growth of Early Greece 800–500 BC, New York [DF222.2.S8].

3. Homeric Greece

Crielaard, J.P.(ed.) (1993), Homeric Questions: Essays in Philology, Ancient History and Archaeology, Amsterdam [PA4037.A5.H6].

Emlyn‑Jones, C. et al (1992), Homer: Readings and Images, London [PA4037.H6].

Finley, M.I. (1979, second edition), The World of Odysseus, Penguin [PA4037.A6.F4].

Finley, M.I. (1981, second edition), Early Greece: The Bronze and Archaic Ages, New York [DF77.F4].

Fowler, R. (ed.) (2004), The Cambridge Companion to Homer, Cambridge [PA4037.C2].

Foxhall, L. and J.K. Davies (eds.) (1984), The Trojan War: Its Historicity and Context, Bristol [DF221.T8.G7].

Kirk, G.S. (1965), Homer and the Epic, London [PA4037.A6.K4].

Morris, I. (1986), ‘The Use and Abuse of Homer’, Classical Antiquity 5, 81–138.

Morris, I. and B. Powell (eds.) (1997), A New Companion to Homer, Leiden [PA4037.N3].

Murray, O. (1993, 2nd edition), Early Greece, London [DF77.M8].

Osborne, R. (2009, 2nd edition), Greece in the Making 1200–479 B.C., London and New York [DF220.O8].

Rabel, R.J. (2005), Approaches to Homer: Ancient and Modern, Austin, Texas [PA4037.A7].

Redfield, J.N. (1975), Nature and Culture in the Iliad: The Tragedy of Hektor, Chicago [PA4037.R3].

Snodgrass, A.M. (1974), ‘An Historical Homeric Society?’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 94, 114–25.

Taplin, O. (1980), ‘The Shield of Achilles within the Iliad’, Greece & Rome 27, 1–24.

Wace, J.B. and Stubbings, F.H. (eds.) (1962), A Companion to Homer, London [PA4081.W2].

Wees, H. van (1992), Status Warriors: War, Violence and Society in Homer and History, Amsterdam [PA4037.W3].

4. Archaic Poets

Burn, A.R. (1960), The Lyric Age of Greece, London [PA3009.B8].

Burnett, A.P. (1998, second edition), Three Archaic Poets: Archilochus, Alcaeus, Sappho, London [PA3873.A77.B8].

Campbell, D.A. (1983), The Golden Lyre: The Themes of the Greek Lyric Poets, London [PA3110.C2].

Dougherty, C. and L. Kurke (eds.) (1993), Cultural Poetics in Archaic Greece: Cult, Performance and Politics, Cambridge [DF222.C8].

Figueira, T. and G. Nagy (1985), Theognis of Megara, Baltimore [PA4446.T4].

Janko, R.C.M. (1982), Homer, Hesiod and the Hymns, Cambridge [PA4037.J2].

Wees, H. van (2000), ‘Megara’s Mafiosi: Timocracy and Violence in Theognis,’ in R. Brock and S. Hodkinson, Alternatives to Athens: Varieties of Political Organization and Community in Ancient Greece, Oxford, 52–67 [JC73.A5].

5. Herodotus

Bakker, E.J., I.J.F. de Jong, H. van Wees (eds.) (2002), Brill’s Companion to Herodotus, Leiden [PA4004.B7].

Derow, P. and R. Parker (eds.) (2003), Herodotus and his World: Essays from a Conference in Memory of George Forrest, Oxford [D56.52.H45.H3].

Duff, T. (2003), Greek and Roman Historians, Bristol [D56.5.D8].

Fornara, C. (1971), Herodotus, An Interpretative Essay, Oxford [PA4004.F6].

Gould, J. (2000, second edition),Herodotus, Bristol [D56.52.H45.G6].

Harrison, T. (2000), Divinity and History: The Religion of Herodotus, Oxford [PA4005.1.H2].

Hart, H. (1982), Herodotus and Greek History, London [D56.52.H45.H2].

Kindt, J. ‘Delphic oracle stories and the beginning of Greek historiography: Herodotus’ Croesos logos’, Classical Philology 101 (2006), 34-51.

Luraghi, N. (ed.) (2001), The Historian’s Craft in the Age of Herodotus, Oxford [DF211.H4]

Mikalson, J.D. (2003), Herodotus and Religion in the Persian Wars, Chapel Hill, NC [BL795.W28.M4].

Murray, O. (1987), ‘Herodotus and Oral Tradition’, in H. Sancisi and A. Kuhrt, Achaemenid History II: The Greek Sources, Leiden [DS281.A2].

Romm, J. (1998), Herodotus, New Haven [PA4004.R6].

Thomas, R. (2000), Herodotus in Context: Ethnography, Science and the Art of Persuasion, Cambridge [PA4004.T4].

Waters, K.H. (1985), Herodotos the Historian, London [D56.52.H45.W2].

6. Thucydides

Cawkwell, G. (1997), Thucydides and the Peloponnesian War, London and New York [DF229.T6.C2].

Connor, W.R. (1984), Thucydides, Princeton [PA4461.C6].

Dover, K.J. (1973), Thucydides. Greece and Rome: New Surveys, 7 [PA4461.D6].

Duff, T. (2003), Greek and Roman Historians, Bristol [D56.5.D8].

Foster, E. (2010), Thucydides, Pericles and Periclean Imperialism, Cambridge [DF229.T6.F6]

Hornblower, S. (1987), Thucydides, London [DF229.T6.H6].       

Greenwood, E. (2005), Thucydides and the Shaping of History, London [DF229.T6.G7].

Morrison, J.V. (2006), Reading Thucydides, Columbus OH [DF229.T6.M6].

Pouncey, P. (1980), The Necessities of War: A Study of Thucydides’ Pessimism, New York [DF229.T6.P6].

Rood, T. (1999), Thucydides: Narrative and Explanation, Oxford [DF229.T6.R6].

Rusten, J.S. (ed.) (2009), Thucydides: Oxford Readings in Classical Studies, Oxford [DF229.T6.T4].

7. Greek Settlements across the Mediterranean and Black Sea (‘Colonisation’)

Boardman, J.,(1999, 4th edition), The Greeks Overseas, London [DF85.B6].

Bradley, G. and Wilson, P. (eds.) 2006), Greek and Roman Colonization: Origins, Ideologies and Interactions, Swansea [JV71.G7]

Cawkwell, G.L. (1992), ‘Early Colonisation’, Classical Quarterly 42, 289–303.

De Angelis, F. and Tsetskhladze, G. (1990), The Archaeology of Greek Colonisation, Oxford [DF85.A7].

Graham, A.J. (1983), Colony and Mother-City in Ancient Greece, Chicago [DF85.G7].

Hurst, H. and Owen, S. (2005), Ancient Colonizations: Analogy, Similarity and Difference, London [JV71.A6]

Osborne, R. (1998) ‘Early Greek Colonisation? The Nature of Greek Settlement in the West’, in N. Fisher and H. van Wees (eds.), Archaic Greece: New Approaches and New Evidence, Swansea, 251–270 [DF222.A7].

Ridgway, D. (1992), The First Western Greeks, Cambridge [DG55.I8.R4].

8. Early Lawgivers

Foxhall, L. and Lewis, A.D.E.c (eds. (1996), Greek Law in its Political Setting: Justifications not Justice,Oxford [DF87.G7]

Gagarin, M. (1986), Early Greek Law, Berkeley [DF239.G2].

Gargarin, M. (2008), Writing Greek Law, Cambridge [DF81.G2]

Gargarin, M. and , D. (eds.) (2005), The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Greek Law, Cambridge [DF81.C2]

Harris, W.V. (1989), Ancient Literacy, Cambridge, Mass. [DE71.H2].

Hölkeskamp, K.J. (1992), ‘Written Law in Archaic Greece’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 38, 87–117.

Osborne R. (1997), ‘Law and Laws: How do we Join up the Dots?’, in L. Mitchell and P.J. Rhodes (eds.), The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece, London and New York, 74–82 [JC73.D3].

9. Tyranny

Andrewes, A. (1956), The Greek Tyrants, London [DF222.A6].

Lewis, S. (2009), Greek Tyranny, Bristol [DF222.L3]

Raaflaub, K. (1997), ‘Soldiers, Citizens and the Evolution of the Early Greek Polis’, in L. Mitchell and P.J. Rhodes, The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece, London and New York, 60–73 [JC73.D3].

Salmon, J.B. ‘Political Hoplites’, and P. Cartledge (1977), ‘Hoplites and Heroes’, both in Journal of Hellenic Studies 97, 84–101 and 11–27.

Salmon, J.B. (1984), Wealthy Corinth, Oxford [DF261.C65.S2].

Shipley, G. (1987), A History of Samos, Oxford [DF261.S2.S4].

10. Sparta

Cartledge, P. (2001), Spartan Reflections, London [DF261.S8.C2].

Cartledge, P. (2002, 2nd edition), Sparta and Lakonia: A Regional History 1300362 B.C., London [DF261.S8.C2].

Finley, M.I. (1975), The Use and Abuse of History, London, chapter 10 [DE8.F4].

Forrest, W.G. (1980, 2nd edition), A History of Sparta 950192 BC, London [DF261.S8.F6].

Hodkinson, S. (1993), ‘Warfare, Wealth and the Crisis of Spartan Society’, in J. Rich (ed.), War and Society in the Greek World, London and New York, 146–76 [DE88.W2].

Hodkinson, S. (1997), ‘The Development of Spartan Society and Institutions in the Archaic Period’, in L. Mitchell and P.J. Rhodes, The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece, London and New York, 83–102 [JC73.D3].

Hodkinson, S. (2000), Property and Wealth in Classical Sparta, London [DF261.S8.H6].

Hodkinson, S. and Powell, A. (eds.) (2009), Sparta: New Perspectives, Swansea [DF261.S8.S7]

Kennell, N.M. (2010), Spartans: A New History. Ancient Cultures, New York [DF261.S8.K3].

Luraghi, N. and S.E. Alcock (2003),Helots and their Masters in Laconia and Messenia: Histories, Ideologies, Structures, Washington [DF261.L2.H3].

Powell, A. (ed.) (1989), Classical Sparta: Techniques behind her Success, London, 51–78 and 122–141 [DF261.S8.C5].

11. Athens

Aristotle, Constitution of Athens (Chapters 5–22): translated P.J. Rhodes (Penguin).

Finley, M.I. (1978), ‘The Fifth Century Athenian Empire’, in P. Garnsey and C. Whittaker (eds.), Imperialism in the Ancient World, Cambridge [JC359.I6].

Finley, M.I. (1981), Economy and Society in Ancient Greece, London, ch. 9 [DF77.F4].

Finley, M.I. (1985, 2nd edition), Democracy, Ancient and Modern, London [DF277.F4].

Hansen, M.H. (1989), Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes, London [JC79.A8.H2].

Knox, R.A. (1985), ‘“So mischievous a Beastie”? The Athenian Demos and its Treatment of its Politicians’, Greece & Rome 32, 132–61.

Low, P. (ed.) (2008), The Athenian Empire, Edinburgh [DF227.A8].

Manville, P. (1990), The Origins of Citizenship in Ancient Athens, Princeton [DF277.M2].

McGregor, M.F. (1987), The Athenians and their Empire, Vancouver [DF227.M2].

Meiggs, R. (1972), The Athenian Empire, Oxford [DF227.M3].

Ober, J. (1996), The Athenian Revolution: Essays on Ancient Greek Democratic and Political Theory, Princeton [JC75.D36.O2].

Ober, J. (2005), ‘Classical Athenian Democracy and Democracy Today’, in J. Ober, Athenian Legacies, Princeton, 27–42 [JC75.D36.O2].

Ober, J. and Herdick, C. (eds.) (1996), Demokratia: A Conversation on Democracies Ancient and Modern, Princeton [JC75.D36.D3].

Osborne, R. (2008, revised ed.), The World of Athens, Cambridge [DF275.W6].

Ostwald, M. (1969), Nomos and the Beginnings of Athenian Democracy, Oxford [PA430.N6.O8].

Rhodes, P.J. (1985), The Athenian Empire (Greece and Rome Survey 17), Oxford [DF552.R4].

Shapiro, H.A. (1989), Art and Cult under the Tyrants in Athens, Mainz [Folio DF275.S4].

Sinclair, R.K. (1988), Democracy and Participation in Athens, Cambridge [DF277.S4].

Tracy, S.V. (2009), Pericles: A Sourcebook and Reader, Berkeley, CA [DF228.P4.T7].

Wallace, R.W. (1989), The Areopagos Council, Baltimore [DF277.W2].

12. Culture

Donlan, W. (1980), The Aristocratic Ideal in Ancient Greece, Lawrence, Kansas [DF78.D6].

Kyle, D.G. (1987), Athletics in Ancient Athens, Leiden [DF97.K9].

Morgan, C. (1990), Athletes and Oracles, Cambridge [DF261.D35.M6].

Miller, S.G. (2004), Ancient Greek Athletics, New Haven [GV21.M4].

13. Athenian Slavery and Economy

Burford, A. (1972), Craftsmen in Greek and Roman Society, London [DE71.B8].

Burford, A. (1993), Land and Labor in the Greek World, Baltimore [HD133.B8].

Cartledge, P. (ed.) (2002), Money, Labour and Land in Ancient Greece: Approaches to the Economics of Ancient Greece, London [HC37.M6].

Finley, M.I. (1981), Economy and Society in Ancient Greece, London, chapters 7–9 [DF77.F4].

Finley, M.I. (1998, expanded edition), Ancient Slavery and Modern Ideology, Princeton, chapter 2 [HT863.F4].

Fisher, N.R.E. (1993), Slavery in Classical Greece, Bristol [HT863.F4].

Garlan, Y. (1988), Slavery in Ancient Greece, Ithaca [HT863.G2].

Hopper, R.J. (1979), Trade and Industry in Classical Greece, London [DF107.H6].

Leiwo, M. and P. Remes 1999, ‘Partnership of Citizenship and Metics: The Will of Epicurus’, The Classical Quarterly 49.1, 161–166.

Osborne, R. (1985), Demos: The Discovery of Classical Attika, Cambridge [HN10.A8.O7].

Osborne, R. (1994), ‘The Economy and Trade’, in J. Boardman (ed.), Cambridge Ancient History, Cambridge, 85–108.

Osborne, R. (1995), ‘The Economics and Politics of Slavery at Athens’, in A. Powell (ed.), The Greek World, 27–43 [DF78.G7].

Whitehead, D. (1977), The Ideology of the Athenian Metic, Cambridge [DF277.W4].

14. Family, Women and Sex

Archer, L.J., S. Fischler and M. Wyke (eds.) (1994), Women in Ancient Societies, London [HQ1127.W6].

Blundell, S. (1998), Women in Classical Athens, Bristol [DF289.B5].

Cohen, D. (1991), Law, Sexuality and Society: The Enforcement of Morals in Classical Athens, Cambridge [HQ32.C6].

Davidson, J. (1997), Courtesans and Fishcakes, London [DF289.D2].

Davidson, J. (2007), The Greeks and Greek Love, London [DF93.D2].

Dover, K.J. (1989, updated edition), Greek Homosexuality, Cambridge, Mass. [DF93.D6].

Halperin, D.M. (1990), One Hundred Years of Homosexuality, London [DF93.H2].

Just, R. (1980), Women in Athenian Law and Life, London [HQ1134.J8].

Keuls, E. (1985), The Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens, London [HQ1134.K3].

Lewis, S. (2002), The Athenian Woman: An Iconographic Handbook, London [HQ1134.L3].

Murray, O. (ed.) (1990), Sympotica: A Symposium on the Symposion, Oxford [DF100.S9].

Patterson, C. (1994), ‘The Case against Neaira and the Public Ideology of the Athenian Family’, in A.L. Boegehold and A.C. Scafuro (eds.), Athenian Identity and Civic Ideology, Baltimore, 199–216 [DF277.A8].

Patterson, C.B. (1998), The Family in Greek History, Cambridge, Mass. [DF93.P2].

Pomeroy, S.B. (1975), Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves, New York [HQ1134.P6].

Skinner, M.B. (2005), Sexuality in Greek and Roman Culture, Oxford [HQ13.S5].

Winkler, J.J. (1990), The Constraints of Desire, London [DF93.W4].

15. Religion

Burkert, W. (1982), Greek Religion, Oxford [BL782.B8].

Bruit Zaidman, L. and P. Schmitt Pantel (1992, English translation), Religion in the Ancient Greek City, Cambridge [BL785.Z2].

Easterling, P.A. and J. Muir (1985), Greek Religion and Society, Cambridge [DF121.G7].

Guthrie, W. (1971), The Sophists, Cambridge [B288.G8].

Guthrie, W. (1971), Socrates, Cambridge [B316.G8].

Mikalson, J. (2004), Ancient Greek Religion, Malden [BL783.M4].

Parker, R. (1996), Athenian Religion: A History, Oxford [BL793.A8.P2].

Parker, R. (2005), Polytheism and Society at Athens, Oxford [BL793.A8.P2].

Price, S. (1999), Religions of the Ancient Greeks, Cambridge [DF121.G7].

16. Military Developments

Anderson, J.K. (1970), Military Theory and Practice in the Age of Xenophon, Berkeley [DF89.A6].

Garlan, Y. (1974), War in the Ancient World, London [DE88.G2].

Hanson, V.D. (2000, second edition), The Western Way of War, Berkeley [DF89.H2].

Hanson, V.D. (ed.) (1991), Hoplites, London [DF89.H6].

Raaflaub, K. (1997), ‘Soldiers, Citizens and the Evolution of the Early Greek Polis’, in L. Mitchell and P. Rhodes, The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece, London, 49-59 [JC73.D3].

Rawlings, L. (2007), The Ancient Greeks at War, Manchester [DF89.R2].

Snodgrass, A. (1965), ‘The Hoplite Reform and History’, Journal of Hellenic Studies 85, 110–122.

Wees, H. van (1998), ‘Greeks Bearing Arms’, in N. Fisher and H. van Wees (eds.), Archaic Greece: New Approaches and New Evidence, Swansea, 333–378 [DF222.A7].

Wees, H. van (2001), ‘The Myth of the Middle-Class Army: Military and Social Status in Ancient Athens’, in T. Bekker-Nielsen and L. Hannestad (eds.), War as a Cultural and Social Force: Essays on Warfare in Antiquity, Copenhagen, 45–71 [CB481.W2].

Wees, H. van (2004), Greek Warfare: Myths and Realities, London [DF89.W3].

17. The Persian Empire and The Persian Wars

Brunt, P.A. (1954/5), ‘The Hellenic League against Persia’, Historia 2, 135–163.

Cawkwell, G. (2005), The Greek wars: The Failure of Persia, Oxford [DS274.2.G74.C2]

Curtis, J. (2000), Ancient Persia, London [Lifelong Learning 935 CUR].

Georges, P. (1994),Barbarian Asia and the Greek Experience, Baltimore [DF85.G3].

Green, P. (1970), The Year of Salamis, 480–479, London [DF225.6.G7].

Hall, E. (1989),Inventing the Barbarian, Oxford [PA3136.H2].

Kuhrt, A. (1997), The Ancient Near East: c. 3000–330, vol. 2, London, ch. 13 [DS62.K8].

Lazenby, J.F. (1993), The Defence of Greece, 490–479, Warminster [DF225.L2].

Wieshofer, J. (2001), Ancient Persia, London [DS281.W4].

18.   The Peloponnesian War

Brunt, P.A. (1993), ‘Spartan Strategy in the Archidamian War’ in Studies in Greek History and Thought, Oxford [DF78.B7].

Cawkwell, G.L. (1975), ‘Thucydides’ Judgment of Periclean Strategy’, Yale Classical Studies 24, 24–35.

Kagan, D. four volume study: The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War (1969); The Archidamian War (1974); The Peace of Nicias and the Sicilian Expedition (1981); and The Fall of the Athenian Empire (1987), Ithaka.

Meyer, E.A. (1997), ‘The Outbreak of the Peloponnesian War after 25 years’, in C.D. Hamilton and P. Krentz (eds.), Polis and Polemos: Essays on Politics, War, and History in Ancient Greece, in Honor of Donald Kagan, Claremont, 23–54 [DF229.2.P6].

Rhodes, P.J. (1987), ‘Thucydides on the Causes of the Peloponnesian War’, Hermes 115, 154–65.

Sealey, R. (1975), ‘The Causes of the Peloponnesian War’, Classical Philology 70, 89–109.

Spence, I.G. (1990), ‘Perikles and the Defense of Attika during the Peloponnesian War’, Journal of Hellenic Studies110, 91–109.

Ste. Croix, G.E.M. de (1972), The Origins of the Peloponnesian War, London [DF229.D3].

19. The Rise of Macedon and the Career of Alexander the Great

Bosworth, A.B. (1988), Conquest and Empire: The Reign of Alexander the Great, Cambridge [DF234.B6].

Cawkwell, G.L. (1978), Philip of Macedon, London [DF233.C2].

Ellis, J.R. (1976), Philip II and Macedonian Imperialism, London [DF233.E5].

Engels, D.W. (1978), Alexander the Great and the Logistics of the Macedonian Army, Berkeley [DF234.2.E6].

Errington, R.M. (1990), A History of Macedonia, Berkeley [DF261.M2.E7].

Fuller, J.F.C. (1958), The Generalship of Alexander the Great, London [DF234.2.F8].

Green, P. (1970), Alexander the Great, London [DF234.A3.G7].

Griffith, G.T.(ed.) (1966), Alexander the Great: The Main Problems, Cambridge [DF234.A3.A5].

Hamilton, J.R. (1973), Alexander the Great, London [DF234.A3.H2].

Hammond, N.G.L.and G. T. Griffith (1979), A History of Macedonia, vol. 2, 550–336 B.C., Oxford [DF261.M2.H2].

Hammond, N.G.L. (1981), Alexander the Great: King, Commander and Statesman, London [DF234.A3.H2].

Hammond, N.G.L. (1989), The Macedonian State: Origins, Institutions and History, Oxford [DF261.M2.H2].

Lane Fox, R. (1973), Alexander the Great, London [DF234.A3.L2].

Lane Fox, R. (1980), The Search for Alexander, London [DF234.A3.L2].

Roisman, J. (ed.) (2003), Brill’s Companion to Alexander the Great, Leiden [DF234.B7].

20. Hellenistic Kingdoms

Allen, R.E. (1983), The Attalid Kingdom: A Constitutional History, Oxford [DS156.P4.A5].

Billows, R.A. (1990), Antigonos the One-Eyed and the Creation of the Hellenistic State, Berkeley [DF235.48.A6.B4].

Billows, R.A. (1995), Kings and Colonists: Aspects of Macedonian Imperialism, Leiden [DF233.2.B4].

Bosworth, A.B. (2002), The Legacy of Alexander: Politics, Warfare, and Propaganda under the Successors, Oxford [DE86.B6].

Bugh, G.R. (ed.) (2006), The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World, Cambridge [DF235.A3.C2].

Carney, E.D. (2000), Women and Monarchy in Macedonia, Norman [DF233.2.C2].

Cary, M. (1963), A History of the Greek World from 323–146 BC, London [DF235.C2].

Errington, R.M. (2008), A History of the Hellenistic World, ca. 323–30 BC, Oxford [DE86.E7].

Erskine, A. (ed.) (2003), Companion to the Hellenistic World, Oxford [DE86.C6].

Fraser, P.M. (1972), Ptolemaic Alexandria, 3 vols [DT73.A4.F8].

Grainger, J.D. (1990), Seleukos Nikator: Constructing a Hellenistic Kingdom, London [DS96.2.G7].

Green, G. (1990), Alexander to Actium: The Historical Evolution of the Hellenistic Age, London [DF235.G7].

Hanson, E.V. (1971, second edition), The Attalids of Pergamum[Sheila White Lib].

Holbl, G. (2000), A History of the Ptolemaic Empire, London [DT92.H6].

Lewis, N. (1986), The Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt, Oxford [DT92.L3].

Ogden, D. (1999), Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: The Hellenistic Dynasties, London [DF217.O4].

Per Bilde (ed.) (1996), Aspects of Hellenistic Kingship, Aarhus [DF235.3.A8]

Shipley, G. (2000), The Greek World after Alexander, 323–30 BC, London [DF235.S4].

Walbank, F.W. (1992, revised edition), The Hellenistic World, London [DF235.W2].

Whitehorne, J. (1994), Cleopatras, London [DS62.23.W4].

21. Society, Culture and Religion in the Hellenistic World

Archibald, Z. (ed.) (2001), Hellenistic Economies, London [HC31.H3].

Bremen, Riet van (1996), The Limits of Participation: Women and Civic Life in the Greek East in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods, Amsterdam [HQ1134.B7].

Burn, L. (2004), Hellenistic Art from Alexander the Great to Augustus, London [N5630.B8].

Bulloch, A. et al. (eds.) (1994), Images and Ideologies: Self-Definition in the Hellenistic World, Berkeley [DF77.I6].

Chaniotis, A. (2005), War in the Hellenistic World: A Social and Cultural History, Oxford [DF89.C4]

Green, P. (ed.) (1992), Hellenistic History and Culture, Berkeley [DF77.H3]

Gutzwiler, K. (2007), A Guide to Hellenistic Literature, Malden, MA [PA3081.G8]

Lewis, N. (1986), Greeks in Ptolemaic Egypt: Case Studies in the Social History of the Hellenistic World, Oxford [DT92.L3].

Lloyd, G.E.R. (1973), Greek Science after Aristotle, New York and London [Q127.G8.L5].

Martin, L. (1987), Hellenistic Religions: An Introduction, New York and Oxford [BL722.M2].

Mikalson, J.D. (1998), Religion in Hellenistic Athens, Berkeley [BL793.A8.M4].

Pollitt, J.J. (1986), Art in the Hellenistic Age, Cambridge [folio N5610.P6].

Pomeroy, S. (1984),Women in Hellenistic Egypt: From Alexander to Cleopatra, New York [HQ1137.E4.P6].

Rihll, T. (1999), Greek Science, Oxford [Q127.G8.R4].

Stewart, A. (1993), Faces of Power: Alexander’s Image and Hellenistic Politics, Berkeley, CA [DF234.2.S8].


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