Despite absorbing under four percent of the 12 million Africans brutally transplanted to the Americas over the four centuries of the transatlantic slave trade, slavery became entrenched on the North American mainland during the colonial period and acted as a permanent stain on a nation formed on the premise that “all men are created equal.” The “Peculiar Institution” came to define, divide, and ultimately tear apart the United States with the brutal Civil War of 1861-1865, and in this course students will explore the origins, entrenchment, and ultimate destruction of racial slavery in North America and the United States. More particularly, however, students will move beyond a model of victimhood and explore how the enslaved population attempted to shape human lives in an inhuman institution. Key topics covered in the module include: the transatlantic slave trade and the origins of slavery in North America; the failure of abolition in a revolutionary era; the expansion of slavery; the development of slave communities and culture; sex and reproduction; childhood and old age in chains; the social and racial ideology of the slaveholding class; slave resistance and rebellions; free blacks and poor white populations; the politics of slavery and abolition. The harsh legacies of slavery ensure that historical debates on the topic are not settled or neat and students will engage with a vibrant historiography, connecting the history they study to contemporary issues.

Intellectual skills:

• Demonstrate a detailed knowledge and understanding of the origins, expansion, and destruction of slavery in North America and the United States, showing awareness of the hemispheric and historical context of slavery.
• Critically analyse and engage with key historical issues, concepts, evidence, and historiographical debates relating to topics such as slave culture, resistance, the master-slave relationship, and anti-slavery movements.
• Acknowledge the complexity of enslavement by exploring how gender, race, and class intersected and complicated interactions and experiences of American slavery.

Discipline specific:

• Evaluate and engage with primary sources on slavery in North America, subjecting them to critical analysis and, with an awareness of the historical context, use them to develop arguments in written and oral work.
• Identify the key areas of historiographical debate on slavery in North America and critique them with reference to wider knowledge of historiography and methodology.
• Write well-argued essays drawn from evidence-based claims that support their main points and conclusions.

Transferable skills:

• Communicate ideas and arguments effectively and accurately, whether in speech or in writing, both individually and in group work.
• Formulate and justify their own arguments and conclusions about a range of issues, making use of evidence and examples to support their views.
• Demonstrate an ability to modify as well as to defend their position.
• Engage with online material and organise their research on virtual learning environments.
• Independently organise study methods and workload.

A range of teaching methods will be used in each of the sessions of the course, comprising a combination of lectures, seminar discussion of major issues and workshops for the study of primary source material. The syllabus is divided into a series of major course themes, then sub-divided into principal topics for the study of each theme.

Lectures:

The aim of the lectures is to provide a brief introduction to a particular topic, establishing the salient features of major course themes, identifying key issues and providing historiographical guidance. The lectures aim to provide a basic framework for understanding and should be thought of as useful starting points for further discussion and individual study. Where appropriate, handouts and other materials may be distributed to reinforce the material discussed.

Seminar and Source Workshops:

The primary aim of the sessions will be to generate debate and discussion amongst course participants, focused in particular on primary source material. Seminars and source workshops for each of the course topics will provide an opportunity for students:

(a) to discuss topics or issues introduced by the lectures,

or(b) to discuss related themes, perhaps not directly addressed by the lectures, but drawing on ideas culled from those lectures.

and(c) to analyse different types of primary sources available, discussing the principal ways in which they can be used by historians 

Seminars and source workshops will provide the student with guidance on how to critically approach the various types of primary source material. Preparation for seminars and workshops will focus on specific items from the sources and related background reading, with students preparing answers to questions provided for each session. Both seminars and source workshops will provide an opportunity to discuss and debate the issues with fellow students. Classes will be divided into smaller groups for discussion purposes, with the results presented as part of an overall class debate at the end of the session.

• communicate ideas and arguments effectively, whether in class discussion or in written form, in an accurate, succinct and lucid manner.
• formulate and justify arguments and conclusions about a range of issues, and present appropriate supporting evidence
• an ability to modify as well as to defend their own position.
• an  ability to think critically and challenge assumptions
• an ability to use a range of information technology resources to assist with information retrieval and assignment presentation.
• time management skills and an ability to independently organise their own study methods and workload.
• work effectively with others as part of a team or group in seminar or tutorial discussions.   

Students will be assessed by means of a combination of one essay relating to primary sources [20%], an assessed essay [30%] and an examination paper [50%].

Course assignments:

1. The essay relating to primary sources will contribute 20% of the final mark for the module and must be no longer than 1,000 words.
2. The Assessed Essay will contribute 30% of the final mark for the module. It is designed to give students the opportunity to demonstrate their ability to review evidence, draw appropriate conclusions from it and employ the formal conventions of scholarly presentation. It must be no longer than 2,000 words.
3. The Examination will take place during the second assessment period [May/June] and will consist of an unseen two hour paper that will contribute the remaining 50% of the final mark for this module. Students must write 2 answers in total.

Semester one:

1. The Atlantic Slave Trade
2. Origins and codification of slavery in North America
3. Colonial slavery
4. Slavery in the North
5. Conflict and consolidation - slavery in an “Age of Revolution”
6. READING WEEK
7. “The gathering storm” – expansion and the internal slave trade
8. “We have enriched it with our blood and tears” – free blacks and colonization
9. Slave rebellions
10. Abolitionism
11. Civil War and emancipation
12. END OF TERM

Semester two:

1. The work of the slave
2. The informal economy
3. “Us Colored Women Had To Go Through A Plenty” – gender, sex, and slavery
4. The slave family
5. From cradle to grave – life and death in slave communities
6. READING WEEK
7. Religion and spirituality
8. Culture and the slave community
9. Honour, mastery, and control
10. “Po’ white trash” – class and power in the U.S. South
11. Resistance
12. END OF TERM

Week 1 - The Atlantic Slave Trade

• Bernard Bailyn, ‘Considering the Slave Trade: History and Memory’, William & Mary Quarterly, 58.1 (2001), 245-252.
• David Eltis, ‘Europeans and the Rise and Fall of African Slavery in the Americas: An Interpretation’, American Historical Review, 98.5 (1993), 1399-1423.
• David Eltis, 'The Volume and Structure of the Transatlantic Slave Trade: A Reassessment', William and Mary Quarterly, 58.1 (2001), 17-46.
• Paul Lovejoy, ‘International Slave Trade: Causes and Consequences’
• Stephanie E Smallwood, ‘African Guardians, European Slave Ships, and the Changing Dynamics of Power in the Early Modern Atlantic’, William and Mary Quarterly, 64.4 (2007), 679-716.
• David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. Oxford; New York, 2006. 48-103.

Week 2 - Origins and codification of slavery in North America

• Winthrop D. Jordan, White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550-1812. Chapel Hill, 1968. 44-91.
• Alden T. Vaughn, Roots of American Racism: Essays on the Colonial Experience. Oxford, 1995. 136-177.
• Betty Wood, The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the English Colonies. New York, 1997. 9-20.
• Anthony Parent Jr, Foul Means: The Formation of a Slave Society in Virginia. Virginia, 2003. 105-135.
• David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. Oxford; New York. 124-141.
• Ira Berlin, ‘From Creole to African: Atlantic Creoles and the Origins of African-American Society in Mainland North America’, William and Mary Quarterly, 53.2 (1996), 251-288.

Week 3 – Colonial Slavery

• Watson W. Jennison, Cultivating Race: The Expansion of Slavery in Georgia, 1750-1860. Lexington, 2012. 11-41.
• Betty Wood, Slavery in Colonial Georgia, 1730-1775. Athens, 1984. 1-21.
• David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. New York, 1988. 144-50.
• Julia Floyd Smith, Slavery and rice culture in low country Georgia, 1750-1860. Knoxville, 1995. 15-30.
• Harvey Jackson, ‘The Darien Anti-Slavery Petition of 1739’, William and Mary Quarterly, 34.4 (1977), 618-631.
• Betty Wood, ‘James Edward Oglethorpe, Race and Slavery: A Reassessment’, in Phinizy Spalding, ed., Oglethorpe in Perspective. Tuscaloosa, 1989. 66-79.

Week 4 – Slavery in the North

• Leslie M. Harris, In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626-1863. Chicago, 2003. 11-48.
• Joanne Pope Melish, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and “Race” in New England, 1780-1860. Ithaca, NY, 1998. 11-41.
• Gary B. Nash, Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia’s Black Community, 1720-1840. Cambridge, Mass., 1998. 8-38.
• Jill Lepore, New York Burning: Liberty, Slavery, and Conspiracy in Eighteenth Century Manhattan. New York, 2005. 5-15.
• Dinah Mayo-Bobee, ‘Servile Discontents: Slavery and Resistance in Colonial New Hampshire, 1645–1785’, Slavery & Abolition, 30.3(Sept 2009), 339-360.
• Shane White, ‘“It was a proud day”: African Americans, Festivals, and Parades in the North, 1741-1834’, Journal of American History, 81.1 (1994), 13-50.

Week 5 – Slavery in an Age of Revolution

• Joseph J. Ellis, Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. New York, 2001. 81-120.
• Gary Nash, The Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution. Cambridge, 2006. 69-122.
• Douglas R. Egerton, African Americans and Revolutionary America. New York; Oxford, 2009. 248-270.
• Alfred N. Hunt, Haiti’s Influence on Antebellum America: Slumbering Volcano in the Caribbean. Baton Rouge, 1988. 107-146.
• David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York; Oxford, 2006. 141-175.
• Kenneth Morgan, ‘Slavery and the Debate over the ratification of the United States Constitution’, Slavery & Abolition, 22.3 (Dec. 2001), 40-65.

Week 7 –Expansion and the internal slave trade

• Adam Rothman, Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South. Cambridge, MA, 2005. 165-216.
• Steven Deyle, Carry me Back: The Domestic Slave Trade in American Life. New York; Oxford, 2005, 245-275.
• Damian Pargas, ‘The Gathering Storm: Slave Responses to the Threat of Interregional Migration in the Early Nineteenth Century’, Journal of Early American History, 2.3 (Fall 2012), 286-315.
• Judith Kelleher Schafer, ‘New Orleans Slavery in 1850 as Seen in Advertisements’, Journal of Southern History, 47.1 (1981), 33-56.
• Michael Tadman‘The Reputation of the Slave Trader in Southern History and the Social Memory of the South’, American Nineteenth Century History, 8.3 (2007), 247-271.
• Edward E. Baptist, ‘“Cuffy,” “Fancy Maids,” and “One-Eyed Men”: Rape, Commodification, and the Domestic Slave Trade in the United States’, American Historical Review, 106.5 (2001), 1619-1650.

Week 8 – Free blacks and Colonization

• Julie Winch, A Gentleman of Color: The Life of James Forten. New York; Oxford, 2002. 125-176.
• Leon Litwack, North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860. Chicago, 1961. 113-152.
• Patrick Rael, Black Identity and Black Protest in the Antebellum North. Chapel Hill, 2002. 12-53.
• Eric Burin, ‘The Slave Trade Act of 1819: A New Look at Colonization and the Politics of Slavery’, American Nineteenth Century History, 13.1 (2012), 1-14.
• John Saillant, ‘The American Enlightenment in Africa: Jefferson's Colonizationism and Black Virginians’ Migration to Liberia, 1776-1840’, Eighteenth-Century Studies, 31.3 (1998), 262-82.
• Ben Schiller, ‘U.S. Slavery’s Diaspora: Black Atlantic History at the Crossroads of “Race”, Enslavement, and Colonisation’, Slavery & Abolition, 32.2 (2011), 199-212.

Week 9 – Slave Rebellions

• James Sidbury, Ploughshares into Swords: Race Rebellions and Identity in Gabriel’s Virginia, 1730-1840. Cambridge, 1997. 118-151.
• David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York; Oxford, 2006. 206-231.
• Edward Pearson, ‘“A Countryside full of slaves”: a reconsideration of the Stono Rebellion and slave rebelliousness in the early eighteenth-century South Carolina Lowcountry’, Slavery & Abolition, 17.2 (1996), 22-30.
• ‘The Making of a Slave Conspiracy’ forums in William and Mary Quarterly, 58 (2001) and 59 (2002).
• Daniel R. Crofts, ‘Communities in Revolt: An Introduction’, Journal of the Early Republic, 27.4 (2007), 655-660.
• Patrick H. Breen, ‘Contested Communion: The Limits of White Solidarity in Nat Turner’s Virginia’, Journal of the Early Republic, 27.4 (2007), 685-703.
• Anthony E. Kaye, ‘Neighbourhoods and Nat Turner: The Making of a Slave Rebel and the Unmaking of a Slave Rebellion’, Journal of the Early Republic, 27.4 (2007), 705-720.

Week 10 – Abolitionism and pro-slavery

• Merton L. Dillon, Slavery Attacked: Southern Slaves and Their Allies, 1619-1865. Baton Rouge, 1990. 201-223.
• Paul Goodman, Of One Blood: Abolitionism and the Origins of Racial Equality. Berkeley, 1998. 235-260.
• James B. Stewart, Abolitionist Politics and the Coming of the Civil War. Amherst, 2008. 1-33.
• David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York; Oxford, 2006. 250-267.
• Edward B. Rugemer, ‘The Southern Response to British Abolitionism: The Maturation of Proslavery Apologetics’, Journal of Southern History, 70.2 (2004), 221-48.
• James Brewer Stewart, ‘The Emergence of Racial Modernity and the Rise of the White North, 1790-1840’, Journal of the Early Republic, 18.2 (Summer 1998), 181-217.
• Richard Blackett, ‘Dispossessing Massa: Fugitive Slaves and the Politics of Slavery after 1850’, American Nineteenth Century History, 10.2 (2009), 119-136.

Week 11 – Civil War and Emancipation

• Eric Foner, The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York, 2010. 63-91.
• Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Slaveholding Republic. New York; Oxford, 2001. 266-94.
• Robert E. May, The Southern Dream of a Caribbean Empire, 1854-1861, second edition. Gainesville: Fla, 2002. 206-44.
• Chandra Manning, What This Cruel War Was Over: Soldiers, Slavery, and the Civil War. New York, 2007. 19-53.
• Paul Quigley, Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the American South, 1848-1865. Oxford, 2012. 87-128.
• Allen C. Guelzo, ‘Houses Divided: Lincoln, Douglas, and the Political Landscape of 1858’, Journal of American History,94.2 (Sept. 2007), 391-417.
• Matthew Clavin, ‘A Second Haitian Revolution: John Brown, Toussaint Louverture, and the Making of the American Civil War’, Civil War History,54. 2 (2008), 117-45. 

Spring term

Week 1 – The Work of the Slave

• David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York; Oxford, 2006. 193-205.
• Philip D Morgan, ‘Work and culture: the task system and the world of lowcountry blacks, 1700-1880’, William and Mary Quarterly,39.4 (1982), 563-599.
• Damian Alan Pargas, ‘“Various Means of Providing for their own Tables”: Comparing Slave Family Economies in the Antebellum South’, American Nineteenth Century History, 7.3 (2006), 361-387.
• Mark M. Smith, ‘Time, Slavery and Plantation Capitalism in the Antebellum American South’, Past and Present, 150.1 (1996), 142-168.
• Lorena Walsh, ‘Plantation Management in the Chesapeake 1620-1820, Journal of Economic History, 49. 2 (Jun. 1989), 393-406.
• William E. Wiethoff, ‘Enslaved Africans’ Rivalry with White Overseers in Plantation Culture: An Unconventional Interpretation’, Journal of Black Studies, 36.3 (2006), 429-455.

Week 2 – The informal economy

• Eugene Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York, 1974. 3-25.
• Larry Hudson Jr, ed., Working Toward Freedom: Slave Society and Domestic Economy in the American South. Rochester, 1994. 77-95.
• Betty Wood, “Women’s Work, men’s work”: the informal slave economies of lowcountry Georgia, 1750-1830. Athens, 1995. 53-79.
• Dylan Penningroth, The Claims of Kinfolk: African American Property and Community. Chapel Hill, 2003. 53-79.
• Roderick A. McDonald, ‘Independent Economic Production by Slaves on antebellum Louisiana Sugar Plantations’, in Gad Heuman and James Walvin, eds., The Slavery Reader. London, 2003. 486-507.
• Loren Schweniger, ‘The Underside of Slavery: the internal economy, self hire and quasi freedom in Virginia’, Slavery & Abolition, 12.2 (1991), 1-22.

Week 3 – Gender, Sex, and Slavery

• Bertram Wyatt Brown, ‘The Mask of Obedience: Male slave psychology in the Old South’, American Historical Review, 93.5 (1988), 1228-1252.
• Rebecca Griffin, ‘Courtship Contests and the Meaning of Conflict in the Folklore of Slaves’, Journal of Southern History, 71.4 (2005), 769-802.
• Liese Perrin, ‘Resisting Reproduction: Reconsidering slave contraception in the Old South’, Journal of American Studies, 35.2 (2001), 255-274.
• Deborah Gray White, Ar’n’t I a Woman? Female Slaves in the Plantation South. rev. ed., New York, 1999. 62-91.
• Jennifer Morgan, Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery. Philadelphia, 2004. 107-144.
• David Doddington, ‘Sex and Masculinity in Slave Communities of the antebellum South’, in Daina Ramey Berry and Leslie M. Harris, eds., Sexuality and Slavery: Reclaiming Intimate Histories in the Americas. Oxford; New York, 2015/16. 1-16.

Week 4 – The Slave Family

• Philip D Morgan, ‘The Significance of Kin’, in Gad Heuman and James Walvin, eds., The Slavery Reader. London, 2003. 332-357.
• Wilma King, ‘“Suffer with them till death”: Slave Women and Their Children in Nineteenth-Century America’, in Darlene Clark Hine and David Barry Gaspar, eds., More than Chattel: Black Women and Slavery in the Americas. Bloomington, IN, 1996. 147-168.
• Margaret Burnham, ‘An Impossible Marriage: Slave Law and Family Law’, Law and Inequality, 5 (1987), 187-225.
• Emily West, ‘The Debate on the Strength of Slave Families: South Carolina and the Importance of Cross-Plantation Marriages’, Journal of American Studies, 33.3 (1999), 221-241.
• Brenda Stevenson, ‘Distress and Discord in Virginia Slave Families, 1830-1860’, in Carol Bleser, ed., In Joy and Sorrow: Women, Family, and Marriage in the Victorian South, 1830-1990. New York; Oxford, 1991. 103-125.
• Wayne K. Durrill, ‘Slavery, Kinship, and Dominance: The Black Community at Somerset Place Plantation, 1786-1860’, Slavery & Abolition, 13.2 (August, 1992), 1-19.

Week 5 – Life and Death

• Marie Jenkins Schwartz, Born in Bondage: Growing up Enslaved in the antebellum South. Cambridge; Mass., 2000. 19-48.
• Dea Boster, African American Slavery and Disability: Bodies, Property, and Power in the Antebellum South, 1800-1860. London, 2013. 55-74.
• Wilma King, ‘“Raise your children up rite”: Parental Guidance and Child Rearing Practices among Slaves in the Nineteenth-Century South’, in Larry E. Hudson Jr, ed., Working Toward Freedom: Slave Society and Domestic Economy in the American South. Rochester, NY, 1994. 143-62.
• Cheryll Ann Cody, ‘There was no “Absalom” on the Ball plantations: slave naming practices in the South Carolina Lowcountry, 1720-1865’, American Historical Review, 92.3 (1987), 563-596.
• Jeffrey Young, ‘Ideology and Death on a Savannah River rice plantation, 1835-1867: paternalism amidst “a good supply of disease and pain”’, Journal of Southern History, 59.4 (1993), 673-706.
• Michael Tadman, ‘The Demographic Cost of Sugar: Debates on Slave Societies and Natural Increase in the Americas’, The American Historical Review, 105.5 (Dec., 2000), 1534-1575.

Week 7 – Religion and Spirituality

• Jeff Forret, ‘Slaves, Sex and Sin: Adultery, Forced Separation and Baptist Church Discipline in Middle Georgia’, Slavery & Abolition, 33.3 (2011), 337-358.
• Charles Joyner, ‘“Beliver I know”: The Emergence of African-American Christianity’, in Paul E. Johnson, ed., African-American Christianity: Essays in History. Berkeley, 1994. 18-46.
• John Thornton, ‘On the Trail of Voodoo: African Christianity in Africa and the Americas’, The Americas, 44.3 (January 1988), 261-78.
• Sylvia R. Frey and Betty Wood, ‘The Americas: The Survival of African Religions’, in Gad Heuman and James Walvin, eds., The Slavery Reader. London, 2003. 384-405.
• Shane White and Graham White, ‘“At intervals I was almost stunned by the noise he made”: Listening to African American religious sound in the era of Slavery’, American Nineteenth Century History (2000), 34-61.

Week 8 – Culture and community

• Peter Kolchin, American Slavery, 1619-1877. New York, 1993. 133-168.
• Stephanie Camp, ‘The Pleasures of Resistance: Enslaved Women and Body Politics in the Plantation South, 1830-1861’, Journal of Southern History, 68.3 (Aug 2002), 533-572.
• Jeff Forret, ‘Conflict and the “Slave Community”: Violence among Slaves in Upcountry South Carolina’, Journal of Southern History, 74.3 (August, 2008), 551-588.
• Peter Kolchin, ‘Re-evaluating the Antebellum Slave Community’, Journal of American History, 70.3 (December, 1983), 579-601.
• Lawrence Levine, Black Culture and Black Consciousness: Afro-American folk thought from slavery to freedom. Oxford, 1978; Reprint 2007. 81-136.
• Shane White and Graham White, ‘Slave Hair and African American Culture in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries’, Journal of Southern History, 61.1 (1995), 45-76.

Week 9 – Honor, Mastery, and Control

• Kenneth Greenberg, Honor and Slavery: Lies, Duels, Noses, Masks, Dressing As A Woman, Gifts, Strangers, Humanitarianism, Death, Slave Rebellions, The Proslavery Argument, Baseball, Hunting, and Gambling in the Old South. Princeton, N.J, 1996. 24-51.
• Eugene D. Genovese and Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Fatal Self-Deception: Loyal and Loving Slaves in the Minds of Southern Slaveholders. Cambridge, 2013. 60-86.
• Trevor Bernard’s reply, ‘Who Deluded Whom? Eugene Genovese and Planter Self-Deception’, Slavery & Abolition, 34.3 (2013), 508-514.
• James David Corbett, ‘The Politics of Emasculation: The Caning of Charles Sumner and Elite Ideologies of Manhood in the Mid-Nineteenth Century United States’, Gender & History, 19.2 (2007), 324-45.
• Drew Gilpin Faust, The Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Old South. Baton Rouge, 1981. 1-21.
• Philip Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry. Virginia, 1998. 261-300.

Week 10 – “Po’ white trash” – Class and Power in the U.S. South

• Jeff Forret, ‘Slaves, Poor Whites, and the Underground Economy of the Rural Carolinas’, Journal of Southern History, 70.4 (2004), 783-824.
• Tim Lockley, ‘Trading Encounters between Non-Elite whites and African Americans in Savannah, 1790-1860’, Journal of Southern History, 66.1 (2000), 25-48.
• Tim Lockley, ‘Crossing the Race Divide: Interracial Sex in antebellum Savannah’, Slavery and Abolition, 18.3 (1997), 159-173.
• Tim Lockley, ‘Survival Strategies of Poor White Women in Savannah, 1800-1860’, Journal of the Early Republic, 32.3 (fall, 2012), 415-435.
• David Brown, ‘A Vagabond's Tale: Poor Whites, Herrenvolk Democracy, and the Value of Whiteness in the Late Antebellum South’, Journal of Southern History, 79.4 (2013), 799-840.
• Sally E. Haddon, Slave patrols : law and violence in Virginia and the Carolinas. Cambridge; Mass., 2001. 71-105.

Week 11 - Resistance

• Walter Johnson, ‘On Agency’, Journal of Social History, 37.1, Special Issue (autumn, 2003), 113-124.
• Anthony Kaye, ‘Neighbourhoods and Solidarity in the Natchez District of Mississippi: Rethinking the Antebellum Slave Community’, Slavery and Abolition, 23.1 (April 2002), 1-24.
• Tim Lockley and David Doddington, ‘Maroon and Slave Communities in South Carolina before 1865’, South Carolina Historical Magazine, 113.2 (April 2012), 125-146.
• Alex Lichtenstein, ‘“That disposition to theft, with which they have been branded”: moral economy, slave management and the law’, Journal of Southern History, 21.3 (1988), 413-440.
• Stephanie Camp, ‘“I could not stay there”: Enslaved women, truancy and the geography of everyday forms of resistance in the antebellum plantation South’, Slavery & Abolition, 23.3 (2002), 1-20.
• Richard Bell, ‘Slave Suicide, Abolition, and the Problem of Resistance’, Slavery & Abolition, 33.4 (2012), 525-549.

Preliminary primary sources:

• Olaudah Equiano, The Interesting Narrative of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavus Vassa the African. London, 1789.
• Francis Moore, Travels into the Inland Parts of Africa. London, 1738. Transcript to be provided by tutor.
• John Barbot, “A Description of the Coasts of North and South Guinea,” in Thomas Astley and John Churchill, eds, Collection of Voyages and Travels. London, 1732. Ibid.
• Virginia Statutes, Colonial slavery.
• The Negro Law of South Carolina, 1740.
• Transatlantic Slave Database.
• An Account Showing the progress of the colony of Georgia, 1742
• An Act for Rendering the Colony of Georgia more Defencible by Prohibiting the Importation and use of Black Slaves or Negroes into the same, 1735. 
• Petition of the Virginia House of Burgesses, Wednesday 1 April, 1772.
• Governor Dunmore’s Proclamationand the Virginia Assembly’s Response.
• Connecticut Slaves Petition for Freedom, in Steven Mintz, ed., African American Voices: A Documentary Reader, 1619-1877. London, 2013.
• Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia. Virginia, 1784.
• Twelve Years a Slave: Narrative of Solomon Northup, a Citizen of New-York, Kidnapped in Washington City in 1841, and Rescued in 1853.Buffalo; London, 1853.
• Advertisement for Slave Sale. Georgia, 1860.Transcript provided by tutor.
• George Bourne, Picture of Slavery in the United States of America. Boston, 1838.
• ‘Address by Abraham D. Shadd, Peter Spencer, and William S. Thomas, 12 July 1831’, in C. Peter Ripley, The Black Abolitionist Papers, Vol. III: The United States, 1830-1846. Chapel Hill, 1991. 102-3, 105-6. Transcript provided by tutor.
• The African Intelligencer. To be provided by tutor.
• The Liberator. Ibid.
• The Confession, Trial and execution of Nat Turner. Virginia, 1831.
• Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Boston, 1861.
• Robert Starobin, Letters from Bondage. New York, 1977. Transcript provided by tutor.
• David Walker, Walker’s Appeal, in Four Articles; Together with a Preamble, to the Coloured Citizens of the World, but in Particular, and Very Expressly, to Those of the United States of America, Written in Boston, State of Massachusetts, September 28, 1829. Boston, 1830.
• Richard H. Colfax, Evidence Against the Views of the Abolitionists, Consisting of Physical and Moral Proofs, of the Natural Inferiority of the Negro. 1833. To be provided by tutor.
• Declaration of Sentiments and Constitution of the American Anti-Slavery Society. To be provided by tutor.
• ‘The First Joint Debate at Ottawa’, Saturday August 21, 1858. Harold Holzer, ed., The Lincoln-Douglas Debates. New York, 2004. 40-86.
• Confederate States of America, Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union. December 24, 1860.
• The Emancipation Proclamation. January 1, 1863.
• Charles Ball, Fifty Years a Slave. New York; Indianapolis, 1859.
• George P. Rawick, ed., The American Slave: A Composite Autobiography. Westport, CT, 1972-79. To be provided by tutor.
• Lewis Clarke, ‘Leaves from a Slave’s Journal of Life’, The Anti-Slavery Standard. New York, 20 and 27 October, 1842.
• William Parker, ‘The Freedman’s Story. In Two Parts’, The Atlantic Monthly. A Magazine of Literature, Science, Art and Politics, Vol. XVII (1866). 153-167.
• Peter Randolph, Sketches of Slave Life.Boston, 1855. 13-16.
• Daniel R. Hundley, Social Relations in Our Southern States. New York, 1860. Chapter 7.  
• Francis Anne Kemble, Journal of a Residence on a Georgian Plantation in 1838-1839. Athens, reprint, 1984. To be provided by tutor.
• Henry Bibb, Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Henry Bibb, An American Slave, Written by Himself. New York, 1849.
• Joel Chandler Harris, Nights with Uncle Remus. c. 1895.
• Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Negro Spirituals.
• Austin Steward, Twenty-Two Years a Slave, and Forty Years a Freeman; Embracing a Correspondence of Several Years, While President of Wilberforce Colony, London, Canada West.Rochester, NY, 1857. Chapter 2.
• Frederick Law Olmsted, A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States; With Remarks on their Economy. New York, 1856.
• Matthew Estes, A Defense of Negro Slavery as it Exists in the U.S.Montgomery, AL, 1846. 142-172.
• Charles William Tait, Papers, 1844-1854, ‘Plantation Rules for overseers’, 2G451. Center for American History, University of Texas at Austin. Typescript provided by tutor.
• Bennett H. Barrow Diary, Mss. 2978, ‘Rules of my Plantation’, 1838. Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections, LSU Libraries, Baton Rouge, La. Typescript provided by tutor.  
• George Fitzhugh, Cannibals All! Or, Slaves Without Masters. Richmond, 1857.
• James Henry Hammond, ‘Speech to the U.S. Senate’, 4 March 1858.
• Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. Written by himself.Boston, 1845. Chapter 10.
• ‘Newspaper report on the murder of George Ford, 1821’, in Tim Lockley, ed., Maroon Communities in South Carolina. Columbia, 2009. 95-99.
• Mrs Fannie Berry, interview in Charles L. Perdue Jr, Thomas E. Barden, and Robert K. Phillips, eds., Weevils in the Wheat: Interviews with Virginia Ex-Slaves. Bloomington, IN, 1980. 33-51.
• Runaway slave advertisements from 18^th and 19^th century Virginia newspapers, and 19th century Texas newspapers,

• David Brion Davis, Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York; Oxford, 2006.
• Robert L. Paquette and Mark M. Smith, The Oxford Handbook of Slavery in the Americas. New York; Oxford, 2010.
• Peter Kolchin, American Slavery, 1619-1877. London, 1993.
• Ira Berlin, The Making of African America. New York, 2010